Of the Four Vedas, Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva,Yajur veda has two aspects.

Krishna Yajur and

Shukla Yajur.

Sage Yajnavalkya.

The Shukla Yajur Mantras are longer and more detailed.

The reason attributed is that though these Mantras have been revealed by Lord Surya, The Sun God directly to Sage Yajnyavalkya, as these Mantras were not initiated by a Guru, as recommended by the Vedas, more Mantras are provided to compensate the issue of not being initiated bya Guru.

Yajnyavalkya was a Disciple of Vaisampayana.

The Sages used to meet often to exchange views on the Vedas, much like the Academics of today.

On one such occasion, Vaisampayana asked one of his disciples(Not Yajnyavalkya) to represent him.

Yajnavalkya informed the Guru that he would represent him and he argued with Vaisampayana on this issue.

Annoyed Vaisampayana admonished Yajnavalkya for questioning the Guru, being argumentative and advised Yajnyavalkya to leave  after returning the Vedas he had learnt.

Yajnavalkya is the first recorded Sage in History.

‘

As per the demands of his Guru, Yājñavalkya vomited all the knowledge that he acquired from his teacher in form of digested food. Other disciples of Vaisampayana took the form ofpartridge birds and consumed the digested knowledge (a metaphor for knowledge in its simplified form without the complexities of the whole but the simplicity of parts) because it was knowledge and they were very eager to receive the same.

The Saṃskṛt name for partridge is “Tittiri”. As the Tittiri (partridge) birds ate this Veda, it is thenceforth called the Taittirīya Yajurveda. It is also known as Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda or Black-Yajurveda on account of it being a vomited substance. The Taittirīya Saṃhitā thus belongs to this Yajurveda.

Then Yājñavalkya determined not to have any human guru thereafter. Thus he began to propitiate the Sun God, Surya. Yājñavalkya worshipped and extolled the Sun, the master of the Vedas, for the purpose of acquiring the fresh Vedic portions not known to his preceptor, Vaiśampāyana.

The Sun God, pleased with Yājñavalkya penance, assumed the form of a horse and graced the sage with such fresh portions of the Yajurveda as were not known to any other. This portion of the Yajurveda goes by the name of Śukla Yajurveda or White-Yajurveda on account of it being revealed by Sun. It is also known as Vajasaneya Yajurveda, because it was evolved in great rapidity by Sun who was in the form of a horse through his manes.The rhythm of recital of these vedas is therefore to the rhythm of the horse canter and distinguishes itself from the other forms of veda recitals. In Sanskrit, term “Vaji” means horse. Yājñavalkya divided this Vajasaneya Yajurveda again into fifteen branches, each branch comprising hundreds of Yajus Mantras. Sages like Kanva, Madhyandina and others learnt those and Śukla Yajurveda branched into popular recensions named after them.

It is important to note that within the hierarchy of Brāhmaṇas, certain sects believe in the Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda while others practice from the Śukla Yajurveda.

Yājñavalkya married two wives. One was Maitreyi and the other Katyaayanee. Of the two, Maitreyi was a Brahmavadini (one who is interested in the knowledge of Brahman).The descendant sects of Brahmans are the progeny of the first wife Katyaayanee. When Yājñavalkya wished to divide his property between the two wives, Maitreyi asked whether she could become immortal through wealth. Yājñavalkya replied that there was no hope of immortality through wealth and that she would only become one among the many who were well-to-do on. When she heard this, Maitreyi asked Yājñavalkya to teach her what he considered as the best. Then Yājñavalkya described to her the greatness of the Absolute Self, the nature of its existence, the way of attaining infinite knowledge and immortality, etc. This immortal conversation between Yājñavalkya and Maitreyi is recorded in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.

Wisdom of Yājñavalkya is shown in Brhadaranyaka Upanishad where he gives his teachings to his wife Maitreyi and King Janaka.^[6] He also participates in a competition arranged by King Janaka about the selecting great Brhama Jnani (knower of Brahman). His intellectual dialogues with Gargi (a learned scholar of the times) form a beautiful chapter filled with lot of philosophical and mystical question-answers in Brhadaranyaka Upanishad. He was then praised as the greatest Brahmajnyani by all the sages at the function organised by king Janaka. In the end, Yājñavalkya took Vidvat Sanyasa (renunciation after the attainment of the knowledge of Brahman) and retired to the forest..

Satahapatha Brahmanas.

This deals more with the Karma Kanda, performance of Rituals.

The Shatapatha Brahmana (शतपथ ब्राह्मण śatapatha brāhmaṇa, “Brahmana of one hundred paths”, abbreviated ŚB) is one of the prose texts describing the Vedic ritual, associated with the Shukla Yajurveda.^[1] It survives in two recensions, Madhyandina (ŚBM, of the vājasaneyi madhyandina śākhā) and Kanva (ŚBK, of the kāṇva śākhā), with the former having the eponymous 100 chapters (adhyayas), 7,624 kandikas (parts) in 14 books, and the latter 104 chapters, 6,806 kandikas in 17 books.

Linguistically, the Shatapatha Brahmana belongs to the later part of the Brahmana period of Vedic Sanskrit (i.e. roughly the 8th to 6th centuries BCE, Iron Age India).^[2]

Jan N. Bremmer dates it to around 700 BCE.^[3] According to Julius Eggeling, the final version of the text was committed in 300 BCE, although some of its portions are “far older, transmitted orally from unknown antiquity”.

Among the points of interest in the text are its mythological sections, including the myths of creation and the Deluge of Manu.The creation myth has several similarities to other creation myths, including the use of primordial water (similar to the Bible), the explanation of light and darkness, the separation of good and evil, and the explanation of time. The text describes in great detail the preparation of altars, ceremonial objects, ritual recitations, and the Soma libation, along with the symbolic attributes of every aspect of the rituals.

The 14 books of the Madhyandina recension can be divided into two major parts. The first 9 books have close textual commentaries, often line by line, of the first 18 books of the corresponding samhita of the Yajurveda. The following 5 books cover supplementary and ritualistically newer material, besides including the celebrated Brhadaranyaka Upanishad as most of the 14th and last book.

The Shatapatha Brahmana of Madhyandina School was translated into English by Julius Eggeling, in the late 19th century, in 5 volumes published as part of the Sacred Books of the East series. The English translation of Kanva School was done by W.E. Caland in 3 parts.

Citations.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatapatha_Brahmana

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yajnavalkya

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The presence of Shiva and Shiva Lingas in the South in significant and the worship of Shiva is more prevalent than in the north.

This has made me search for the early worship of Shiva in the South, which precede even the Sanatana Dharma of the North.

Please read my post on Pre Sanatana Dharma Shiva.

Not only this.

Shivalingas in Shalmala River.

The spread of Sanatana Dharma to South East Asia was led by Subrahmanya(Murugan) and to the West of India by Shiva and His son Ganesha.

This is proved by the presence of Shiva, Ganesha in the west and Murugan and Shiva in the East.

All from Bharatavarsha.

Now an interesting questions arise .

Shiva Lingas, Nandi in Riverbed.

Were Ganesha, Murugan and Shiva Human Beings’ later elevated to Godhood?

or were they Aliens who came down to the Earth?

Considering the fact that the Vedas advocate formless worship and the development of Thoughts on God only as a means of Self Realization,the Reality Brahman being an abstract principle, there is scope for more research on this subject.

There are also reports, very credible of course, of underground tunnels in various parts of the world, all interlinked.

The common factor is the Kailash Mountain, the Abode of Lord Shiva.

I shall be writing with research papers on this subject.

In the mean while there is a report of thousands of Shiva Lingas being found in the Shalmala Riverbed in Karnataka.

This came to light when the riverbed dried up because of dry weather.

Siva Lingas in Shalmala Riverbed,Karnataka, India.

Recently, due to dry weather, the water level of the Shalmala river in Karnataka receded, revealing the presence of thousands of Shiva Lingas carved throughout the river bed. Because of these uncountable carvings, the place gets the name “Sahasralinga” (thousand Shiva Lingas).

Sahasralinga is a most beautiful place. It is located near Sirsi, in the state of Karnataka. It is on the way to Yellapur from Sirsi, around 17 kms from Sirsi. After Bhairumbe you will have to get down at a bus-stop called Hul Gol bus-stop and walk towards Hul Gol. From the main road it is a distance of around 2 kms.

I am investigting the possible likns between these Sahasralingas and the Valley of Shiva Lingas in Kbal Spean ,Cambodia.

http://zonnews.com/discovery/931-dry-weather-reveals-amazing-river-with-thousands-of-shiva-lingas.html

Related articles

https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2014/07/09/valley-of-shiva-lingas-kbal-spean-cambodia/

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Managla Gowri Vrata is celebrated with pomp and piety in India.

This festival is clubbed with Ganesh Chaturthi and these two festivals together are called Gowri Ganesha Habba.

Gowri habba is celebrated one day ahead of Ganesha Chaturthi.

Parvathi as Gowri for Gowri habba.

Gowri Habba 2015.

‘It is a significant festival in parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. It is known as Hartalika in the North Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Ma Goddess Gowri (Gauri), the mother of Ganesha and wife of Shiva, is worshiped throughout India for her ability to bestow upon her devotees courage and power. Hindu belief has it that Goddess Gowri is the very incarnation of Aadhi Shakthi Mahamaya. She is the Shakthi of Lord Shiva. It is believed that on Thadige, or the third day of the month of Bhaadra, Goddess Gowri comes home like any married woman comes to her parents’ house. The next day Lord Ganesha, her son, comes as if to take her back to Kailasa..

However Gowri festival is observed on a Low key in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

On this day, married women, after bathing, wear new or smart clothes and dress up the girls of the family. Then they do the ‘sthapana’ of either jalagauri or arishinadagauri (a symbolic idol of Gowri made of turmeric). Beautifully painted and decorated clay idols of Goddess Gowri can be bought at the local market. The goddess’ idol is mounted in a plate, with a cereal (rice or wheat) in it. As this ‘puje’ or ritual is to be performed with ‘suchi’ (cleanliness) and ‘shraddhe’ (dedication), the women go to temples or to another person’s house, where it is performed according to set procedures or they can perform the ritual in their own homes.

A mandapa, generally decorated with banana stem and mango leaves, is built around the idol. The Gauri is decorated with garlands, decorations made of cotton, and women have a ‘gauridaara’ (sacred thread with sixteen knots) tied to their right wrists, as blessings of gauri and as part of the vratha. Each of the sixteen knots is worshiped with mantras during the performance of the religious practice.

An interesting part of the festival is offering the baagina. At least five baaginas are prepared as part of the vratha. Each baagina usually contains a packet of arshina (turmeric),kumkum, black bangles, black beads (used in the mangalsutra), a comb, a small mirror, baLe bicchoLe, coconut, blouse piece, dhaanya (cereal), rice, toor dal, green dal, wheat or rava and jaggery cut in a cube form. The baagina is offered in a traditional mora (winnow painted with turmeric). One such baagina is offered to Goddess Gowri and set aside. The remaining Gowri baaginas are given to the married women.

Another specialty of this festival is that the ‘tavaru maneyavaru’ (the married woman’s parents and brothers) send gauri habbada mangaladravya to the married women of their family. Some send money as a substitute for mangaladravya. This good practice remains unchanged and keeps people closer. Newlymarried women give sixteen jothe baagina to sumangalis (married women) and obtain their blessings. One baagina is kept for Gauramma. The main food items in this festival’s feast are the delectable beLe hoLige/Kaayee-hoLige, Huggi/chitranna and Bajji.

Newlywed couples are invited to the house of their in-laws and served with festive food. In the olden days, newlywed couples had to wait till Gowri Habba to consummate their marriage. The logic behind this practice is that if a child is conceived during Gowri Habba, which falls during the winter, the child would be born nine months later, during the summer, when it would be less prone to infections. This practice has been in place for years but has declined in recent times due to modernisation.

For Vrata dtails and procedure with mantras, check the Link( audio link)

Gowri Habba Vratha Prodcedure Mantras Audio

Citations.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowri_Habba

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When people talk of the spread of Sanatana Dharma one is struck by the fact that the Sanatana Dharma was present throughout the world.

Please read my posts on each Country, Civilization  and its Link to Hinduism Sanatna Dharma.Sanskrit/Tamil.

Shiva and Dionysus.

And when one reads the origins of the European and other counties in all the continents we have now, we find that people seem to have just come there from Asia, which incidentally coincides with the great Flood reported in India then called Bharatavarsha and mingled with the people already present there..

In that case where had these  people who had been residing there, from?

After all one should have either been in one place or have come from somewhere.

( In this sense, all of us are immigrants from somewhere!)

This is anomaly I have faced when I research into Human migration and read it along with the Sanatana Dharma.

The only plausible is explanation is that the land mass was different in ancient times and there was one huge landmass which was peopled by one group.

Please read my Post on Shiva Uma Marriage.

This group, based on the available evidence is the people from India then called Bharatavarsha.

The entire landmass was following Sanatana Dharma and there were frequent interactions and occasional  migration from one part of the landmass from another.

This is the only explanation for the presence of all notable figures of the other Cultures(other than Sanatana Dharma) being found in Hindu texts, ranging from The Vedas, Puranas, Ithihasas and Tamil.

In one form or the other, names from the history of India are found in these cultures and references and names from those cultures in India.

Not merely names, archeological sites, language. Customs and culture buttress this view.

Kindly read my posts on these.

One more connection of Sanatana  to Greece has been found in the relationship of Dionysus and Shiva.

Dionysus may be Shiva Himself because He migrated to the West during the great flood while Vaivaswataha Manu, ancestor of Lord Rama moved to Ayodhya.

Dionysus is found in the Atharva Veda.

Bhrigu and others are also found in Greece.

‘by the pre-historic times the devotees Dionysus’s  used to travel to India since it was a pilgrimage for them. The  priesthood genes got developed into various tribes. So there are the Bhrigu (Bhryges), the Avanti (Avantes), the Kurus (Kuris), the Panchas(Panchaioi) theKoshas (Koes), the Sindhu (Sindu). They originate from different parts of Greece’

The Kurus and the Panchas originate from Crete and might be the oldest ones. The Avanti from Evoia. A part of them joined with A part of Kuris and created the priesthood Korivantes, who ruled Asia Minor. Bhriges, Koshas and Sindu were from Thrace, an area that covered this time all North Greece. A part of Bhriges moved to Anatolia and a part of Sindu to south cost of black sea. Bhrigu in ancient Greek means “to burn” and it is referred to the sacrificial ritual. Sindu in Thracian dialect means river. So is it possible the oldest name of Indus river deriving from them? Even nowadays in North Greece there is the municipality of Sindos. Most of the western researchers either don’t understand or they don’t want to accept the common roots of those cultures. But as I heard in Harvard they teach that the Sanskrit Soma has common etymological root with Greek saima that means originally the holly blood of the sacrificed God. Saimon was a holy mountain of Dionysus in Thrace, meaning blood..

Vassiliki States that  the Greek priests moved to Indus valley in prehistoric times (Before Rig Veda). Their names are found in Vedic texts and in ancient Greek Mythology

There is another possibility. In Rig Veda 7,18,16, it is written that half of humanity ignores Indra, that means that half of humanity the time of Rig Veda was worshiping Indra. Indra means the “Archetypal man“, existing in Ancient Greek as Andra or Andreus with the same meaning. It was epithet of Dionysus and ofDias. Andrineia was a Dionysus’s festival. Some ancient Greek text (been in Batican) says that there were eight Dionysi in ancient times. One of them was the God (non incarnated) and the others were sages. In between them there was an Indian one, who was supposed to be the oldest. In this case, we can make the hypothesis that this cult was given as a revelation to many parts of the earth, carrying a common theological language. But even if the Indian Dionysus originates from Greece, obviously he selected Indus valley as his pilgrimage because it had already a spiritual background.

Soma means blood and it was the red sweet wine, they were drinking in his sacraments. A traditional kind of wine in Eastern islands of Greece is called Souma and derives from the ancient sacraments. In prehistoric Greek blood is called saima. In ancient Sanskrit Soma is existing also as sauma and souma. It symbolizes the blood of the sacrificed Dionysus or Purusha (Grk: Proseios= rising sun).

My observation is that the was no Greece as we know it to-day but it was ( as all the other countries)a part of Sanatana Dharma.

https://sites.google.com/site/greekinfluenceonindia/rig-veda-and-it-s-origin

I have written  a series of articles on the Sanatana Dharma and Vedic connection.

“Santii Vedas of Perun

That,

The Rig Veda was composed in the Arctic.

Krishn’a son Pradhyumna built a city in Por Baijn, Sibria,

River Volga was the cradle of Vedic civilization

Russia was called Rishi Varsha and also as Sthree Varsha, a country ruled by women,

It belonged to Ila Varsha od Indian Puranas,

Lake Baikal was Vaikanasa Theertha,

Indra’s Amravathi was Arkaim,

Swasthik Rig Vedic Mandala city was  built in Russia.

Siberians invoke Ayur Devathas.

Narada Mountain in Urals,Narodnaya

A reader posed an interesting question.

‘Are there oral traditions of the Vedas, Puranas and Ithihasa in other countries as Sanatana Dharma was present throughout the world”

I replied that I have written that there is a Catur Veda in Bali and I shall be exploring the subject.

Considering the finds in Russia relating to Sanatana Dharma I have searched Russian literature and pre-Christian texts of Russia.

And I struck gold!

There is a Veda in Russia and it is called,Perun’s Vedas Santees ‘

‘

„Perun’s Vedas Santees’’ are meant only as Vedas in narrow sense (Books of Knowledge or Perun’s Wisdom Books), consisting of nine books, dictated by our first ancestor, the God Perun, to our far ancestors while their third arrival to the Earth on the spaceship Waitman, in 38 004 B.C. (or 40 009 years ago). Only the first book of these Vedas was translated into Russian nowadays.

As a whole Vedas contain a profound knowledge about nature and reflect Humanity history in the Earth during last several hundred thousand years, – at least, not less than 600 000 years. They also contain Perun’s prediction of the future events for 40 176 years ahead, i.e. until nowadays and 167 years ahead.

Vedas in its basis, on which they were written originally down, are divided into three basic groups:

– satees are the plates of gold or other precious metal, without affect with corrosion on which texts were put by stamping signs and filling them with paint. Then these plates were fastened by three rings like books or made out in the oak framework and framed by a red cloth;

– charatiys are the sheets or rolls of high-quality parchment with texts;

– volchvaries are wooden plates with the texts written or cut out.

Santees are the most ancient of known documents. Originally „Perun’s Vedas Santees’’ were called as Vedas, but there are mentions of others Vedas in them, which even at that time, i.e. more 40.000 years ago, named Ancient and which either are lost, or stored in secluded places and not disclosed for any reasons currently. Santees reflect the most secret Ancient Knowledge. It is possible even to tell that they are archive of knowledge. By the way, Indian Vedas is only a part of  Slav-Aryan Vedas, transferred by arias about 5.000 years ago to India.

As a rule charatiys were santees copies, or, probably, writing out of santees, intended for wider use in the priestly habitat. The most ancient charatiys are „Charatiys of Light’’ (the Book of Wisdom) which were written down 28 736 years ago (or, to be exact, from 20 August till 20 September, 26 731 B.C.). As it is easier to write down charatiys than to make santees engraving on gold, so extensive historical data were written down in such a kind.

So, for example, charatiys under the name „Avesta’’ were written down on 12 000 bull’s skins 7.513 years ago along with the war history of  Slav-Aryan peoples with Chinese. The peace conclusion between fighting parties was called as the World Creation in the Star Temple (W.C.S.T.). And a year according to our ancient calendar in which this peace concluded was called as the Star Temple.

It was the first world war in the Earth’s history, and this event was so tremendous, and the victory was so significant for White Race that served as a reference point for new chronology introduction. Since then all white peoples counted summers from the World Creation. And this chronology was cancelled only by Peter Romanov I in 1 700 who imposed the Byzantine calendar to us as only the Romanovs come to power with the help of the Byzantine Empire. And „Avesta’’ itself was destroyed by Alexander the Great on an instigation of the Egyptian priests so the World Creation in the Star Temple didn’t throw the light onto „the world creation’’, described under their dictation in the Bible.”

• The race and the Battle mentioned here may indicate the Battle of Ten Vedic Kings described in the Rig Veda.

The history of Russia is reversed here in the above quote.

The return of the Sanataa Dharma people from the Arctic after composing the Rig Veda is erroneously taken as the invasion of Aryans of India and as a result the history of India has ben distorted.

Read my posts on this.

Similarities between the Vedas and  Perun’s Veda Santees.

1, Both have ben transmitted orally.

2.Three groups have been mentioned in Perun Vedas corresponding to the three Varnas, Brahmana, Kshatrya and Vaishya.

3.One group has been entrusted with the custody of the Perun Vedas like the Brahmanas of the Sanatana Dharma.

4.

I shall be writing more on this subject after a careful study

Citations.

http://slavyanin.org/en/article/slavo-aryan-vedas-about-structure-universe-and-human-history.html

http://vesna.atlantidaforum.com/?p=844

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https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2015/02/23/shiva-samharam-is-triglav-smaram-god-of-slavs-russia/

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Vedas, the basic referral text of Hindus is a highly organized one.

There are four Vedas, Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva Veda.

Each Veda has four divisions,

Samhitas or Hymns.

Texts of Sanatana Dharma, Hinduism.

Brahmanas, Rituals.

Aranyakas, to be recited in the forest and

Upanishads, containing the highest Knowledge of Reality, Brahman.

Veda has  two sub divisions.

Shukla and Krishna Yajur.

These Hymns have Sukhthas in them which are in praise of  Deities and they are also explanation of Cosmology.

Some of them are also addressed to curing diseases .

These texts have been classified by Rishis.

Each Veda has many Branches. called Shakhas.

‘

A shakha (Sanskrit śākhā, “branch” or “limb”), is a Hindu theological school that specializes in learning certain Vedic texts, or else the traditional texts followed by such a school.^[3][4] An individual follower of a particular school or recension is called a śākhin.^[5] The term is also used in Hindu philosophy to refer to an adherent of a particular orthodox system.

A related term caraṇa, (“conduct of life” or “behavior”) is also used to refer to such a Vedic school:^[7] “although the words caraṇa andśākhā are sometimes used synonymously, yet caraṇa properly applies to the sect or collection of persons united in one school, andśākhā to the traditional text followed, as in the phrase śākhām adhite, (“he recites a particular version of the Veda”)”.^[4] The schools have different points of view, described as “difference of (Vedic) school” (śākhābhedaḥ). Each school would learn a specific VedicSaṃhita (one of the “four Vedas” properly so-called), as well as its associated Brahmana, Aranyakas, Shrautasutras, Grhyasutrasand Upanishads.

The traditional source of information on the shakhas of each Veda is the Caraṇa-vyūha, of which two, mostly similar, versions exist: the 49th pariśiṣṭa of the Atharvaveda, ascribed to Shaunaka, and the 5thpariśiṣṭa of the Śukla (White) Yajurveda, ascribed to Kātyāyana. These have lists of the numbers of recensions that were believed to have once existed as well as those still extant at the time the works were compiled. Only a small number of recensions have survived.

Rig Veda

Śaunaka‘s Caraṇa-vyuha lists five shakhas for the Rig Veda, the Śākala, Bāṣkala, Aśvalāyana, Śaṅkhāyana, and Māṇḍukāyana of which only the Śākala and Bāṣkala are now extant. The Bashkala recension of the Rigveda has the Khilani which are not present in the Shakala text but is preserved in one Kashmir manuscript (now at Pune). The Shakala has the Aitareya-Brahmana, The Bashkala has the Kausitaki-Brahmana.

There is, however, Sutra literature from the Aśvalāyana shakha, both a shrauta sutra and a grhya sutra, both surviving with a commentary (vrtti) by Gargya Naranaya. Gargya Naranaya’s commentary was based on the longer commentary or bhashya by Devasvamin, written in the 11th century.

Yajur Veda

Śaunaka‘s Caraṇa-vyuha lists forty-two or forty-four out of eighty-six shakhas for the Yajur Veda, but that only five of these are now extant, with a sixth partially extant. For the Yajur Veda the five (partially in six) shakhas are the (Vajasaneyi Madhandina, Kanva; Taittiriya, Maitrayani, Caraka-Katha, Kapisthala-Katha).

The Yajurvedin shakhas are divided in Shukla (White) and Krishna (Black) schools. The White recensions have separate Brahmanas, while the Black ones have their(much earlier) Brahmanas interspersed between the Mantras.

• Shukla Yajurveda: Vājasaneyi Samhita Madhyandina (VSM), Vājasaneyi Samhita Kānva (VSK): Shatapatha Brahmana (ShBM, ShBK)
• Krishna Yajurveda: Taittirīya Saṃhita (TS) with an additional Brahmana, Taittiriya Brahmana (TB), Maitrayani Saṃhita (MS), Caraka-Katha Saṃhita (KS), Kapiṣṭhala-Katha Saṃhita (KapS).
• Citation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakha#Krishna

for more on Vedas check my Posts by Googling Vedas ramanan50.

Shukla

Krishna

Sama Veda

Śaunaka‘s Caraṇa-vyuha lists twelve shakhas for the Sama Veda out of a thousand that are said to have once existed, but that of these only one or perhaps two are still extant. The two Samaveda recensions are the Jaiminiya and Kauthuma.

The Kauthuma shakha has the PB, SadvB, the Jaiminiya shakha has the Jaiminiya Brahmana.

Atharva Veda

Only one shakha of an original nine is now extant for the Atharvaveda. The nine sakhas were Paippalada, Tauda, Mauda, Shaunakiya, Jajala, Jalada, Brahmavada, Devadarsa and Chaarana-Vaidya.

The Shaunaka is the only shakha of the Atharvaveda for which both printed texts and an active oral tradition are known to still exist.

For the Atharvaveda, both the Shaunakiya and the Paippalada traditions contain textual corruptions, and the original text of the Atharvaveda may only be approximated from comparison between the two.

Valmiki provides a lot of Geographical information in the Ramayana.

Most of them are found when he describes the Aranya vasa of Lord Rama., his search for Sita, his travel to Lanka, Rama’s return from Lanka by Pushpaka Vimana and Sugriva’s directions to his army about the possible places where Ravana could have taken Sita.

Of interest is the description by Sugriva about the Nazca Lies of Peru ad Russia, though one can find references to other countries as well.

Location of Atlantis.

I have written articles on California being the Kapila Aranya, Mount.Ashes ,USA is the place where Sagara’s(Rama’s ancestor) sons were turned into ashes.

I have referred to the Quadrilateral Temple of Shiva in Colorado and a Natural Vishnu Temple in Grand Canyon,US.

I remembered about the Moola Sainya ( Reserve Army of Ravana, which he called up during his battle with Rama.

Lemuria, KumariKandam. “Kumari Kandam map”. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kumari_Kandam_map.png#/media/File:Kumari_Kandam_map.png

‘A grieved Ravana soon collected himself and sent word for his reserve forces all over the globe (moola bala sainya). That was a frightful army that Ravana did not think of using against these ‘puny creatures’ at all. He considered it below his dignity to use such a powerful force against humans and monkeys. It was like killing a fly with a sledgehammer, for him. In fact, Kumbakarna had advised him otherwise. If you have decided to fight against them, then the better strategy would be to collect all our forces together. ‘pandhiyir pandhiyir padagaLai vittu avai sindhudal kaNdu nee irundhu thEmbudal mandhiram andru.’ It is not right to send our army in small lots convenient enough for them to wipe off and to weep over their death. ‘nam vali elaam udan undhudal kadan.’ It is of utmost importance to collect all our forces here and now and go to the field in such vast numbers so that it becomes difficult for them to encounter such a vast army’.(Kamba Ramayaa ,Tamil-http://www.heritagewiki.org/index.php?title=Vibhishana_-_Part_4)

Valmiki also talks about the Moola Sainya in the Yuddha Kada

And the location of Kara and Dushana who were killed by Rama.

And there is this point of Hanuman flying to Lanka,

The Adams Bridge, Rama Sethu is about 30 Kms from Rameswaram, India

But Valmiki says it is about 800 Miles!

And there is evidence that Hanuman traveled at a speed of 660Kms/hour!

I shall be writing on this shortly.

I recalled about Lemuria and Atlantis.

Lemuria is the Lost continent of the Tamils.

And the US is the Patala Loka.

Please read my posts on this and Atlantis.

Plato’s description of Atlantis reminds me of the descriptions of the Patala Loka, inhabited by the Rakshasas.

The presence of Hanuman ad his son Makaratwaja in Central America and the reference to Tamil Kings of the south of Vindhyas made me wonder whether there is any connection between Atlantis. Ramayana and Lemuria.

So,

Considering the distance covered by Hanuman in his flight to Lanka,

The Lanka of Ravana could not have been where it is today,( Please red my Post)

Lemuria and Atlantis being different entities and that The Tamils occupied that land,

Atlantis had the Sanatana Dharma presence, including the Rotating city of Tripura, which was destroyed by Shiva,

Shiva migrated towards the west of India, when a great flood struck South India(when Rama’s ancestor Sathyavrata Manu migrated to Ayodhya),

The presence of Shiva in these countries, including the Nazca Lines of Peru and Mecca, Petro Jordan having Shiva Temples,

Rama’s name is found, along with Dasaratha and Bharatha in the Sumerian Kings List,

Shiva worship preceded the Sanatana dharma in the south,

The Rakshasas having bee present in this land, where the Moola Sainya of Ravana was kept,

Ravana having been a Shiva worshiper,

Hanuman and Makaratdwaja is found in Honduras,

The land mass at these times was different than what we find today,

Thiruvannamalai in South India being 3 Billion years old,

There is a room in Romania which is connected to Iraq,Kailsh,

Gobekli Tepe was built by Brahmins.

It stands to reason that The Atlantis people were a part of Sanatana Dharma .

And there is evidence to suggest that there was a great war between Rama and the Atlanteans.

Ravana was in Lemuria, had his Reserve army in Atlantis

There is also a view that ET were involved in this.

‘Some Wedha and Jain manuscripts, among others, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata it contains evidence of historical and technological overview of Rama’s dynasty which is believed to have experienced the golden age of the seven main cities ‘Seven Rishi City’ which is one of Mohenjo Daroo (Northern Pakistan).

From various sources I have learned, can generally be described a wide range of theories and research on the subject of this study provide some interesting material. Include:

– Atlantis and Rama dynasty had experienced the golden era (Golden Age) at the same time (30000-15000 BC).

– Both have mastered nuclear technology.

– Both the aerospace and aeronautics technology has advanced to have enabled aircraft and shaped like a UFO (by some accounts) called Vimana (Rama) and Valakri (Atlantis).

– Residents of Atlantis has an aggressive nature and led by the clergy (priests Enlighten), according to Plato’s text.

– Rama dynasty has seven major cities (Seven Rishi’s City) with the capital city of Ayodhya where one of the results found are Mohenjo-Daroo.

– Competition of the civilization reached its peak with the use of nuclear weapons.

– The experts found that the debris and the remains of human skeletons found at Mohenjo-Daroo containing radioactive residue that can only be produced by large-scale thermonuclear explosion.

– In a seloka of the Mahabharata, narrated by the figure of a weapon of mass destruction is a result similar to the present nuclear weapons.

– Some Seloka Wedha and Jain in the book is explicitly and completely describe the shape of the ‘flying vehicle’ called ‘Vimana’ that its characteristics resemble flying saucers today.

Most of the written evidence it was in India in the form of literary texts, while the physical evidence would be in the western world the Pyramids in Egypt and South America.

In short all the above investigations denounce mankind had advanced in the civilization of Atlantis and Rama. Even long before man ever entered the century 4000SM space and nuclear technology. But the golden age was ended by a devastating nuclear war until the aftermath, people had time to go back to primitive times to the advent of Sumerian civilization around 4000SM or 6000tahun ago.’

Citation.

https://sites.google.com/site/vansalegend/home/articles/ancient-wars-nuclear-atlantis-vs-ramaR

Related articles

• Sundara Kandam Parayana Procedure
• Ramayana Lanka Is Not Sri Lanka?
• Ramayana Data Tools For Dating Proof.

If one were to examine the monuments , which are now attributed to other sources than Sanatana dharma,one would find it to be of Hindu origin.

Qutub Minar.Vikramaditya Vijaya Sthamba.

Humayun’s Tomb has Lord Vishnu’s footprint.

Tajmahal is Shiva temple.

Ajmer Darga Sharief is a Vishnu temple.

Please read my posts on this.

One more to this list.

The Qutub minar at Delhi.

Dhruva Sthamba , Mehruli.

It is king Vikramaditya’s Vijaya Sthamba,whose empire included Arabia.

Qutub Minar.

‘The complex is supposed to be built by the Greatest of Hindu emperors there was MaharajaDhiraj Vikramaditya of Ujjaini , brother of Bharathiri the Kind and Philosopher and originator of Bharathari neeti shataka . The tower is known to have been erected to celebrate the victory of the Great Emperor Vikramaditya , over the lands now called as Arab lands …

Sanatna dharma was prevalent in Arabia even before the advent of Muhammad.

Muhammad’s uncle had written a verse in praise of Shiva.

Here it is.

The Shiva Sloka

Kafavomal fikra min ulumin Tab asayru
Kaluwan amataul Hawa was Tajakhru
We Tajakhayroba udan Kalalwade-E Liboawa
Walukayanay jatally, hay Yauma Tab asayru
Wa Abalolha ajabu armeeman MAHADEVA
Manojail ilamuddin minhum wa sayattaru
Wa Sahabi Kay-yam feema-Kamil MINDAY Yauman
Wa Yakulum no latabahan foeennak Tawjjaru
Massayaray akhalakan hasanan Kullahum
Najumum aja- at Summa gabul HINDU

Translation.

The man who may spend his life in sin
and irreligion or waste it in lechery and wrath
If at least he relent and return to
righteousness can he be saved?
If but once he worship Mahadeva with a pure
heart, he will attain the ultimate in spirituality.
Oh Lord Shiva exchange my entire life for but
a day’s sojourn in India where one attains salvation.
But one pilgrimage there secures for one all
merit and company of the truly great.’

Following is a poem in praise of Vikramaditya by  Jirrham Bintoi who lived 165 years before the prophet Muhammed.  (King Vikramaditya  lived 500 years before Bintoi).

“Itrasshaphai Santul
Bikramatul phehalameen Karimun
Bihillahaya Samiminela
Motakabbenaran Bihillaha
Yubee qaid min howa
Yaphakharu phajgal asari
nahans Osirim Bayjayholeen
Yaha sabdunya Kanateph natephi
bijihalin Atadari Bilala masaurateen
phakef Tasabahu. Kaunni eja majakaralhada
walhada Achimiman, burukan, Kad, Toluho
watastaru Bihillaha yakajibainana baleykulle amarena
Phaheya jaunabil amaray Bikramatoon” – (Sair-ul-Okul, Page 315)

“Fortunate are those who were born during King Vikram’s reign, he was a noble generous, dutiful ruler devoted to the welfare of his subjects. But at that time, We Arabs oblivious of divinity were lost in sensual pleasures. Plotting & torture were rampant. The darkness of ignorance had enveloped our country. Like the lamb struggling for its life in the cruel jaws of a wolf, we Arabs were gripped by ignorance. The whole country was enveloped in a darkness as intense as on a New moon night. But the present dawn & pleasant sunshine of education is the result of the favor of that noble king Vikram whose benevolence did not lose sight of us foreigners as we were. He spread his sacred culture amongst us and sent scholars from his own land whose brilliance shone like that of the sun in our country. These scholars & preceptors through whose benevolence we were once again made aware of the presence of god, introduced to his secret knowledge & put on the road to truth, had come to our country to initiate us in that culture & impart education.”..

the minar was started by Prithviraj or his uncle Vigraharaja who won Delhi from the Tomar Rajputs. However, it is assumed by secularist and anti hindu historians that Qutubuddib and Iltutmish finished it though the pictures will clearly show that the tower may have been commenced by Prithviraj or Vigraharaja.

Anang Pal,the Tomar Rajput King , established Delhi and Lal Kot,which is the area of Kutub Minar and extends up to Lal Quila ,or the demarcation line of old Delhi.In olden days fortresses used to be built at the entrance of a state and the present delineation of Delhi borders extended from South area of Qutub Minar to Red Quila in North Delhi.

The Tomars were descendents of the great Vikramaditya ,who had initially established the Iron Pillar at Vishnupadagiri (meaning “hill with footprint of Vishnu”). This place has been identified as modern Udayagiri, situated in the close vicinity of Besnagar, Vidisha and Sanchi. These towns are located about 50 kilometres east of Bhopal, in central India. There are several aspects to the original erection site of the pillar at Udayagiri. It must be worth noting that Vishnupadagiri is located on the Tropic of Cancer and, therefore, was a centre of astronomical studies during the Gupta period.

Citation.

http://hinduismtheopensourcefaith.blogspot.in/2010/11/vijay-stambha-of-emperor-vikramaditya.html

Related articles

https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2014/05/22/dargah-sharief-ajmer-vishnu-temple/

https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2015/02/18/vishnu-feet-in-humayun-tomb/

https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2014/04/25/saudi-arabia-vedic-vikramadiyas-kingdom/

• Ancient Greek Ambassador Worshiped Vishnu

Vedas, the basic referral text of Hindus is a highly organized one.

There are four Vedas, Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva Veda.

Each Veda has four divisions,

Samhitas or Hymns.

Texts of Sanatana Dharma, Hinduism.

Brahmanas, Rituals.

Aranyakas, to be recited in the forest and

Upanishads, containing the highest Knowledge of Reality, Brahman.

Veda has  two sub divisions.

Shukla and Krishna Yajur.

These Hymns have Sukhthas in them which are in praise of  Deities and they are also explanation of Cosmology.

Some of them are also addressed to curing diseases .

These texts have been classified by Rishis.

Each Veda has many Branches. called Shakhas.

‘

A shakha (Sanskrit śākhā, “branch” or “limb”), is a Hindu theological school that specializes in learning certain Vedic texts, or else the traditional texts followed by such a school.^[3][4] An individual follower of a particular school or recension is called a śākhin.^[5] The term is also used in Hindu philosophy to refer to an adherent of a particular orthodox system.

A related term caraṇa, (“conduct of life” or “behavior”) is also used to refer to such a Vedic school:^[7] “although the words caraṇa andśākhā are sometimes used synonymously, yet caraṇa properly applies to the sect or collection of persons united in one school, andśākhā to the traditional text followed, as in the phrase śākhām adhite, (“he recites a particular version of the Veda”)”.^[4] The schools have different points of view, described as “difference of (Vedic) school” (śākhābhedaḥ). Each school would learn a specific VedicSaṃhita (one of the “four Vedas” properly so-called), as well as its associated Brahmana, Aranyakas, Shrautasutras, Grhyasutrasand Upanishads.

The traditional source of information on the shakhas of each Veda is the Caraṇa-vyūha, of which two, mostly similar, versions exist: the 49th pariśiṣṭa of the Atharvaveda, ascribed to Shaunaka, and the 5thpariśiṣṭa of the Śukla (White) Yajurveda, ascribed to Kātyāyana. These have lists of the numbers of recensions that were believed to have once existed as well as those still extant at the time the works were compiled. Only a small number of recensions have survived.

Rig Veda

Śaunaka‘s Caraṇa-vyuha lists five shakhas for the Rig Veda, the Śākala, Bāṣkala, Aśvalāyana, Śaṅkhāyana, and Māṇḍukāyana of which only the Śākala and Bāṣkala are now extant. The Bashkala recension of the Rigveda has the Khilani which are not present in the Shakala text but is preserved in one Kashmir manuscript (now at Pune). The Shakala has the Aitareya-Brahmana, The Bashkala has the Kausitaki-Brahmana.

There is, however, Sutra literature from the Aśvalāyana shakha, both a shrauta sutra and a grhya sutra, both surviving with a commentary (vrtti) by Gargya Naranaya. Gargya Naranaya’s commentary was based on the longer commentary or bhashya by Devasvamin, written in the 11th century.

Yajur Veda

Śaunaka‘s Caraṇa-vyuha lists forty-two or forty-four out of eighty-six shakhas for the Yajur Veda, but that only five of these are now extant, with a sixth partially extant. For the Yajur Veda the five (partially in six) shakhas are the (Vajasaneyi Madhandina, Kanva; Taittiriya, Maitrayani, Caraka-Katha, Kapisthala-Katha).

The Yajurvedin shakhas are divided in Shukla (White) and Krishna (Black) schools. The White recensions have separate Brahmanas, while the Black ones have their(much earlier) Brahmanas interspersed between the Mantras.

• Shukla Yajurveda: Vājasaneyi Samhita Madhyandina (VSM), Vājasaneyi Samhita Kānva (VSK): Shatapatha Brahmana (ShBM, ShBK)
• Krishna Yajurveda: Taittirīya Saṃhita (TS) with an additional Brahmana, Taittiriya Brahmana (TB), Maitrayani Saṃhita (MS), Caraka-Katha Saṃhita (KS), Kapiṣṭhala-Katha Saṃhita (KapS).
• Citation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakha#Krishna

for more on Vedas check my Posts by Googling Vedas ramanan50.

Shukla

Krishna

Sama Veda

Śaunaka‘s Caraṇa-vyuha lists twelve shakhas for the Sama Veda out of a thousand that are said to have once existed, but that of these only one or perhaps two are still extant. The two Samaveda recensions are the Jaiminiya and Kauthuma.

The Kauthuma shakha has the PB, SadvB, the Jaiminiya shakha has the Jaiminiya Brahmana.

Atharva Veda

Only one shakha of an original nine is now extant for the Atharvaveda. The nine sakhas were Paippalada, Tauda, Mauda, Shaunakiya, Jajala, Jalada, Brahmavada, Devadarsa and Chaarana-Vaidya.

The Shaunaka is the only shakha of the Atharvaveda for which both printed texts and an active oral tradition are known to still exist.

For the Atharvaveda, both the Shaunakiya and the Paippalada traditions contain textual corruptions, and the original text of the Atharvaveda may only be approximated from comparison between the two.

Valmiki provides a lot of Geographical information in the Ramayana.

Most of them are found when he describes the Aranya vasa of Lord Rama., his search for Sita, his travel to Lanka, Rama’s return from Lanka by Pushpaka Vimana and Sugriva’s directions to his army about the possible places where Ravana could have taken Sita.

Of interest is the description by Sugriva about the Nazca Lies of Peru ad Russia, though one can find references to other countries as well.

Location of Atlantis.

I have written articles on California being the Kapila Aranya, Mount.Ashes ,USA is the place where Sagara’s(Rama’s ancestor) sons were turned into ashes.

I have referred to the Quadrilateral Temple of Shiva in Colorado and a Natural Vishnu Temple in Grand Canyon,US.

I remembered about the Moola Sainya ( Reserve Army of Ravana, which he called up during his battle with Rama.

Lemuria, KumariKandam. “Kumari Kandam map”. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kumari_Kandam_map.png#/media/File:Kumari_Kandam_map.png

‘A grieved Ravana soon collected himself and sent word for his reserve forces all over the globe (moola bala sainya). That was a frightful army that Ravana did not think of using against these ‘puny creatures’ at all. He considered it below his dignity to use such a powerful force against humans and monkeys. It was like killing a fly with a sledgehammer, for him. In fact, Kumbakarna had advised him otherwise. If you have decided to fight against them, then the better strategy would be to collect all our forces together. ‘pandhiyir pandhiyir padagaLai vittu avai sindhudal kaNdu nee irundhu thEmbudal mandhiram andru.’ It is not right to send our army in small lots convenient enough for them to wipe off and to weep over their death. ‘nam vali elaam udan undhudal kadan.’ It is of utmost importance to collect all our forces here and now and go to the field in such vast numbers so that it becomes difficult for them to encounter such a vast army’.(Kamba Ramayaa ,Tamil-http://www.heritagewiki.org/index.php?title=Vibhishana_-_Part_4)

Valmiki also talks about the Moola Sainya in the Yuddha Kada

And the location of Kara and Dushana who were killed by Rama.

And there is this point of Hanuman flying to Lanka,

The Adams Bridge, Rama Sethu is about 30 Kms from Rameswaram, India

But Valmiki says it is about 800 Miles!

And there is evidence that Hanuman traveled at a speed of 660Kms/hour!

I shall be writing on this shortly.

I recalled about Lemuria and Atlantis.

Lemuria is the Lost continent of the Tamils.

And the US is the Patala Loka.

Please read my posts on this and Atlantis.

Plato’s description of Atlantis reminds me of the descriptions of the Patala Loka, inhabited by the Rakshasas.

The presence of Hanuman ad his son Makaratwaja in Central America and the reference to Tamil Kings of the south of Vindhyas made me wonder whether there is any connection between Atlantis. Ramayana and Lemuria.

So,

Considering the distance covered by Hanuman in his flight to Lanka,

The Lanka of Ravana could not have been where it is today,( Please red my Post)

Lemuria and Atlantis being different entities and that The Tamils occupied that land,

Atlantis had the Sanatana Dharma presence, including the Rotating city of Tripura, which was destroyed by Shiva,

Shiva migrated towards the west of India, when a great flood struck South India(when Rama’s ancestor Sathyavrata Manu migrated to Ayodhya),

The presence of Shiva in these countries, including the Nazca Lines of Peru and Mecca, Petro Jordan having Shiva Temples,

Rama’s name is found, along with Dasaratha and Bharatha in the Sumerian Kings List,

Shiva worship preceded the Sanatana dharma in the south,

The Rakshasas having bee present in this land, where the Moola Sainya of Ravana was kept,

Ravana having been a Shiva worshiper,

Hanuman and Makaratdwaja is found in Honduras,

The land mass at these times was different than what we find today,

Thiruvannamalai in South India being 3 Billion years old,

There is a room in Romania which is connected to Iraq,Kailsh,

Gobekli Tepe was built by Brahmins.

It stands to reason that The Atlantis people were a part of Sanatana Dharma .

And there is evidence to suggest that there was a great war between Rama and the Atlanteans.

Ravana was in Lemuria, had his Reserve army in Atlantis

There is also a view that ET were involved in this.

‘Some Wedha and Jain manuscripts, among others, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata it contains evidence of historical and technological overview of Rama’s dynasty which is believed to have experienced the golden age of the seven main cities ‘Seven Rishi City’ which is one of Mohenjo Daroo (Northern Pakistan).

From various sources I have learned, can generally be described a wide range of theories and research on the subject of this study provide some interesting material. Include:

– Atlantis and Rama dynasty had experienced the golden era (Golden Age) at the same time (30000-15000 BC).

– Both have mastered nuclear technology.

– Both the aerospace and aeronautics technology has advanced to have enabled aircraft and shaped like a UFO (by some accounts) called Vimana (Rama) and Valakri (Atlantis).

– Residents of Atlantis has an aggressive nature and led by the clergy (priests Enlighten), according to Plato’s text.

– Rama dynasty has seven major cities (Seven Rishi’s City) with the capital city of Ayodhya where one of the results found are Mohenjo-Daroo.

– Competition of the civilization reached its peak with the use of nuclear weapons.

– The experts found that the debris and the remains of human skeletons found at Mohenjo-Daroo containing radioactive residue that can only be produced by large-scale thermonuclear explosion.

– In a seloka of the Mahabharata, narrated by the figure of a weapon of mass destruction is a result similar to the present nuclear weapons.

– Some Seloka Wedha and Jain in the book is explicitly and completely describe the shape of the ‘flying vehicle’ called ‘Vimana’ that its characteristics resemble flying saucers today.

Most of the written evidence it was in India in the form of literary texts, while the physical evidence would be in the western world the Pyramids in Egypt and South America.

In short all the above investigations denounce mankind had advanced in the civilization of Atlantis and Rama. Even long before man ever entered the century 4000SM space and nuclear technology. But the golden age was ended by a devastating nuclear war until the aftermath, people had time to go back to primitive times to the advent of Sumerian civilization around 4000SM or 6000tahun ago.’

Citation.

https://sites.google.com/site/vansalegend/home/articles/ancient-wars-nuclear-atlantis-vs-ramaR

Related articles

• Sundara Kandam Parayana Procedure
• Ramayana Lanka Is Not Sri Lanka?
• Ramayana Data Tools For Dating Proof.

If one were to examine the monuments , which are now attributed to other sources than Sanatana dharma,one would find it to be of Hindu origin.

Qutub Minar.Vikramaditya Vijaya Sthamba.

Humayun’s Tomb has Lord Vishnu’s footprint.

Tajmahal is Shiva temple.

Ajmer Darga Sharief is a Vishnu temple.

Please read my posts on this.

One more to this list.

The Qutub minar at Delhi.

Dhruva Sthamba , Mehruli.

It is king Vikramaditya’s Vijaya Sthamba,whose empire included Arabia.

Qutub Minar.

‘The complex is supposed to be built by the Greatest of Hindu emperors there was MaharajaDhiraj Vikramaditya of Ujjaini , brother of Bharathiri the Kind and Philosopher and originator of Bharathari neeti shataka . The tower is known to have been erected to celebrate the victory of the Great Emperor Vikramaditya , over the lands now called as Arab lands …

Sanatna dharma was prevalent in Arabia even before the advent of Muhammad.

Muhammad’s uncle had written a verse in praise of Shiva.

Here it is.

The Shiva Sloka

Kafavomal fikra min ulumin Tab asayru
Kaluwan amataul Hawa was Tajakhru
We Tajakhayroba udan Kalalwade-E Liboawa
Walukayanay jatally, hay Yauma Tab asayru
Wa Abalolha ajabu armeeman MAHADEVA
Manojail ilamuddin minhum wa sayattaru
Wa Sahabi Kay-yam feema-Kamil MINDAY Yauman
Wa Yakulum no latabahan foeennak Tawjjaru
Massayaray akhalakan hasanan Kullahum
Najumum aja- at Summa gabul HINDU

Translation.

The man who may spend his life in sin
and irreligion or waste it in lechery and wrath
If at least he relent and return to
righteousness can he be saved?
If but once he worship Mahadeva with a pure
heart, he will attain the ultimate in spirituality.
Oh Lord Shiva exchange my entire life for but
a day’s sojourn in India where one attains salvation.
But one pilgrimage there secures for one all
merit and company of the truly great.’

Following is a poem in praise of Vikramaditya by  Jirrham Bintoi who lived 165 years before the prophet Muhammed.  (King Vikramaditya  lived 500 years before Bintoi).

“Itrasshaphai Santul
Bikramatul phehalameen Karimun
Bihillahaya Samiminela
Motakabbenaran Bihillaha
Yubee qaid min howa
Yaphakharu phajgal asari
nahans Osirim Bayjayholeen
Yaha sabdunya Kanateph natephi
bijihalin Atadari Bilala masaurateen
phakef Tasabahu. Kaunni eja majakaralhada
walhada Achimiman, burukan, Kad, Toluho
watastaru Bihillaha yakajibainana baleykulle amarena
Phaheya jaunabil amaray Bikramatoon” – (Sair-ul-Okul, Page 315)

“Fortunate are those who were born during King Vikram’s reign, he was a noble generous, dutiful ruler devoted to the welfare of his subjects. But at that time, We Arabs oblivious of divinity were lost in sensual pleasures. Plotting & torture were rampant. The darkness of ignorance had enveloped our country. Like the lamb struggling for its life in the cruel jaws of a wolf, we Arabs were gripped by ignorance. The whole country was enveloped in a darkness as intense as on a New moon night. But the present dawn & pleasant sunshine of education is the result of the favor of that noble king Vikram whose benevolence did not lose sight of us foreigners as we were. He spread his sacred culture amongst us and sent scholars from his own land whose brilliance shone like that of the sun in our country. These scholars & preceptors through whose benevolence we were once again made aware of the presence of god, introduced to his secret knowledge & put on the road to truth, had come to our country to initiate us in that culture & impart education.”..

the minar was started by Prithviraj or his uncle Vigraharaja who won Delhi from the Tomar Rajputs. However, it is assumed by secularist and anti hindu historians that Qutubuddib and Iltutmish finished it though the pictures will clearly show that the tower may have been commenced by Prithviraj or Vigraharaja.

Anang Pal,the Tomar Rajput King , established Delhi and Lal Kot,which is the area of Kutub Minar and extends up to Lal Quila ,or the demarcation line of old Delhi.In olden days fortresses used to be built at the entrance of a state and the present delineation of Delhi borders extended from South area of Qutub Minar to Red Quila in North Delhi.

The Tomars were descendents of the great Vikramaditya ,who had initially established the Iron Pillar at Vishnupadagiri (meaning “hill with footprint of Vishnu”). This place has been identified as modern Udayagiri, situated in the close vicinity of Besnagar, Vidisha and Sanchi. These towns are located about 50 kilometres east of Bhopal, in central India. There are several aspects to the original erection site of the pillar at Udayagiri. It must be worth noting that Vishnupadagiri is located on the Tropic of Cancer and, therefore, was a centre of astronomical studies during the Gupta period.

Citation.

http://hinduismtheopensourcefaith.blogspot.in/2010/11/vijay-stambha-of-emperor-vikramaditya.html

Related articles

https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2014/05/22/dargah-sharief-ajmer-vishnu-temple/

https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2015/02/18/vishnu-feet-in-humayun-tomb/

https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2014/04/25/saudi-arabia-vedic-vikramadiyas-kingdom/

• Ancient Greek Ambassador Worshiped Vishnu

Mohenjo-daro reveals  the exposure to Atomic Radiation, possibly caused by an Atomic blast.

Rama’s Empire.

The Brahmastra mentioned in Indian Epics and Puranas is capable of this devastating effect.

To my knowledge Valmiki does not seem to refer to the  extensive use of Brahmastra in the Valmiki Ramayana.

The instance  was when Indrajit used it against Hanuman and as Hanuman prayed Brahma( and he had a oon from Brahma as well) it did stun him and he was not killed nor the effects to the environment were devastating..

‘◾Vishvamitra used it against Vasishta, but the Brahmastra was swallowed by Brahmadanda, Lord Brahma’s countermeasure against the Brahmastra.
◾In the Ramayana a Brahmastra is used by Shri Rama several times: once against Jayanta (Indra’s son) when he hurt Sita, against Mareecha in their last encounter, against the Ocean when he did not answer his prayer to allow his army and himself to cross over to Lanka and finally in the last battle with Ravana.
◾It is also mentioned in the Vedas that a Brahmastra was aimed by Shri Rama to carve a path out of the sea so that the army of apes could march towards Lanka, however at that moment, Varuna appeared and told Lord Rama about the technical flaws of using the weapon and hence it was later aimed towards Dhrumatulya by Lord Rama, which fell at the place of modern day Rajasthan causing it to become a desert. Also Indrajit aimed a Bhramastra at Lord Lakshman on the final battle between him and Lord Lakshman, however the deadly weapon returned because Lakshman himself was the avatar of Trinity.(How many times Brahmastra was used)

Though Brahmastra  was not used other than these instances, there seems to have been evidence of Atomic blast in India, in Mohenjo Daro.

Moheno Daro Blast Victims. imge creditshabharanjagupta,wordpress.com

The Brahmastra was not used in the area mentioned above in the Ramayana, though this is the place where Kara and Dushana came from.

Moheno Daro atomic Blast. At one site, Soviet scholars found a skeleton which had a radioactive level 50 times greater than normal. Other cities have been found in northern India that show indications of explosions of great magnitude. One such city, found between the Ganges and the mountains of Rajmahal, seems to have been subjected to intense heat. Huge masses of walls and foundations of the ancient city are fused together, literally vitrified! And since there is no indication of a volcanic eruption at Mohenjo-Daro or at the other cities, the intense heat to melt clay vessels can only be explained by an atomic blast or some other unknown weapon. The cities were wiped out entirely. Image subhadraranjangupta.wordpress.com

They came to Dandakaranya and Rama defeated them.

So the Mohenjo- Daro area was not a victim of Atomic Bomb.

Nor was it used in the Mahabharata Times.

The place in question was called Angsa Desa, of which Karna was the King(Karna was anointed as the King of Anga)

Given the fact that there had been atomic radiation in Mohenj- Daro, how can we account for it since Rama did not seem to have used it, nor any one in the Mahabharata in the area?

There seems to me one logical answer to this.

Lord Rama had conquered the whole of world, I had published the Map of Rama Empire.

If Rama had annexed these area he had to have won over them.

If so, whom did he defeat?

I checked world History, Legends,and Folklore.

I had my link in Atlantis.

I published an article on Rama’s War with Atlantis

and another one,

Rama Atlantis War Kavatam periplus Port Window of Lemuria

As explained in these articles, there seems to have been Four major civilizations then.

Rama’s Empire,

Atlantis Empire,

Uighur Empire and

Lemurian Empire.

Of these Uighur was not very advanced and Lemuria which had been on the wane was trying to recoup.

They were suppressed by the Atlantis people.

In the Atlantis, Osiris’ son Horus entered into an alliance with Rama to defeat Seth who was trying to become independent in the Sumerian valley.

‘

King Atlas (King Of Atlantis) and Prince Osiris (heir to the throne) desired to create secondary domains where they could re-establish the Lemurian Empire . This intention was thwarted by the actions of Osiris’ younger brother, the Emperor Seth. As present ruler of the Libyan/Egyptian Empire (that covered all of Africa), Seth decided that with the fall of Atlantis his Empire (in league with the rebel Sons of Belial) was to be its last stronghold. He made it his goal to re-establish the Atlantean Empire with himself as its all-powerful, ‘divine right’ emperor (of the world).

‘conflicting objectives resulted in deadly warfare between Osiris and his brother Seth. Leading Osiris’s Egyptian armies was Osiris’ eldest son Horus. After Osiris’ unfortunate ‘death’, Horus succeeded his father as king of the Libyan/Egyptian Empire. Intuitively, Horus knew what would happen when they landed in Libya. He completely distrusted his uncle. Horus persistently warned his father about Seth’s stubbornness and treachery. Osiris, believing in the goodness of the human heart, initially ignored his son’s advice. Subsequently, Osiris landed in Libya and after Seth’s abdication became Emperor’

After the demise of Osiris, his son Horus entered into a pact with Rama Empire(Emperor Zata’ar’s eldest son, Prince Rama.) to defeat Seth, the usurper.’

The Atlantis army met with Rama’s Army in Rishi City, now in Pakistam.

Now read this.

Vallmiki ends the Ramayana with Rama’s Coronation, Pattabhisheka and therfore we have no information on Ram’s conquest of the world, after his victory over Ravana.

In this instance, there are two observations by me.

Did Rama use Brahmastra?

In which case the following version does not really support the Atom Bomb theory as Rama seems to have stopped the advancing army by making the army generals drop dead.

Or was the Astra differnt?

Or did Rama use his astra as mentioned here(Yogic Posture), after the Atlantis people had used the Brahmastra?

The latter explanation seems to tally with the state of Mohenjo Daro Radiation.

I am searching for more information.

‘Atlantis Drops A-Bomb on India

The Lemurian Fellowship (an esoteric group formed in the 1930’s) lessons state:
During the heyday of Atlantis and Rama, both the Ramayana and the Lemurian Fellowship agree that other advanced civilizations were also in existence. According to the Lemurian Fellowship the Osiris Civilization existed in what is today North Africa and the Mediterranean Basin, and the Uiger Empire ruled over what is today the Gobi Desert. Yet of all of the civilizations, Atlantis and Rama were supposedly the two most developed.

These two cultures had developed advanced technology, which they shared between themselves and the rest of the world. It had been mainly developed in Atlantis and would seem like science fiction to us today, just as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata seem like science fiction. Not only did they have aircraft such as vimanas and valixi (as the Atlantean craft was called), they had weapons such as fireballs that could destroy a whole city…(etc.).

According to the Lemurian Fellowship, as Atlantis and Rama reached the height of civilization, war broke out between them. The Atlanteans, a highly technical and war-like culture were bent on conquering the world. Subjugating the Rama Empire was an important step in their plan.

An interesting episode in the Atlantean history as related by the Lemurian Fellowship involves the Atlanteans sending a well-equipped army to India in order to subjugate the Rama Empire, demanding surrender, tribute and acceptance of Atlantean rulership.

The Priest-King of Rama stated they didn’t believe in war, and asked them to leave in peace.

Arrogantly, the Atlanteans did not believe that the Indians had the power to stop them, certainly not by technical means. At dawn, the Atlantean army began their march on the city.
Sadly, the Priest-King watched the army advance…He raised his arms heavenward and, using a yogi technique, he caused the general and each officer in descending order to drop dead in their ranks, apparently by heart attack. The Atlanteans fled. Of the seige of the Rishi City, not one man from the Rama Empire was lost. (Stranger Than Science, Frank Edwards, 1959).

The Indian Epics, especially the Mahabharata, pick up the thread of the tale from here and go on to tell of the rest of the horrible story; a story of devasation and destruction. Apparently Atlantis, displeased at it’s humiliating defeat, decided that they were no longer interested in subjugating the Rama Empire, and decided instead to annihilate the major cities using weapons so destructive that the Sanskrit scholars could not comprehend what was being described in the Epics until the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan.

These are authentic verses from the Indian Epics:
“Gurkha, flying a swift and powerful vimana
hurled a single projectile
charged with all the power of the Universe,
An incandescent column of smoke and flame,
as bright as ten thousand suns,
rose with all its splendor.

It was an unknow weapon
and iron thudnerbolt,
a gigantic messenger of death,
which reduced to ashes
the entire race of Vrishnis and the Andhakas.

…After a few hours
all foodstuffs were infected…
…to escape from this fire
the soldiers threw themselves in the streams
to wash themselves and their equipment.”
The Mahabharata

“(It was a weapon) so powerful
that it could destroy the earth in an instant –
A great soaring sound in smoke and flames –
And on it sits death..”
The Ramayana

Compiled by David Hatcher Childress (A real-life Indiana Jones)
in conjunction with Sanskrit Scholars

From a 324 page book, which includes the complete
translation of the Vimaanika Shastra text.

“An ancient, heavily populated city in Pakistan was instantly destroyed 2,000 years before Christ by an incredible explosion that could only been caused by an atomic bomb. That’s the mind bogging conclusion of a British researcher, David Davenport, who spent 12 years studying ancient Hindu scripts and evidence at the site where the great city – Mohenjo Daro once stood. What was found at the site of Mohenjo Daro corresponds exactly to Nagasaki, declared Davenport, who published his startling findings in an amazing book, “Atomic Destruction in 2000 B.C.”, Milan, Italy, 1979.

There was an epicenter about 50 yards wide where everything was crystallized, fused or melted, he said. Sixty yards from the center the bricks are melted on one side indicating a blast. the horrible, mysterious event of 4,000 years ago that leveled Mohenjo Daro was recorded in an old Hindu manuscript called the Mahabharata, “White hot smoke that was a thousand times brighter than the sun rose in infinite brilliance and reduced the city to ashes, the account reads. Water boiled…horses and war chariots were burned by the thousands.. . the corpses of the fallen were mutilated by the terrible heat so that they no longer looked like human beings…”. The description concludes, “it was a terrible sight to see … never before have we seen such a ghastly weapon”.

Based on his study of many ancient manuscripts, Davenport believes that the end of Mohenjo Daro was tied to a state of war between the Aryans and the Dravidian. Aryans controlled regions where space aliens were mining minerals and exploiting other natural resources, he believes. Because it was a Dravidian city, the aliens had agreed to destroy Mohenjo Daro on behalf of the Aryans. The aliens needed the friendship of the Aryan kings so that they could continue their prospecting and research, explained Davenport. The texts tell us that 30,000 inhabitants of the city were given seven days to get out – a clear warning that everything was about to be destroyed. Obviously, some people didn’t heed the warning, because 44 human skeletons were found there in 1927, just a few years after the city was discovered.

I shall be writng on the Aliens referred to By Indian Texts with Proof, a series, shortly.

** I had written an article earlier on the atomic blast could have been used in the Mahabharatha, based on some other evidence.

I incline to agree with the view that Rama used the Bomb in Ramayana.

The issue has to be resolved.

Citations.

http://www.alien-ufos.com/ancient-civilizations-archaeology-anthropology/26836-atlantis-drops-bomb-india.html

http://atlantisonline.smfforfree2.com/index.php/topic,33106.0.html

https://subharanjangupta.wordpress.com/2011/08/07/evidences-of-neclear-explosion-in-mohenjo-daro/

When one tries to trace the real history of India, one has to tread carefully and doubly careful in the use of terms about the various ancient Kingdoms and languages of India.

Unlike the other countries of the world our history goes back to Millions of years.

Sathavahana Dynasty LLocation. Image credit. “SatavahanaMap”. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SatavahanaMap.jpg#/media/File:SatavahanaMap.jpg

While unravelling them,based on Archeology, references in the Indian Epics,Puranas and Indian literature, one finds it nearly impossible to determine which preced the other, say for instance Tami or Kannada.

I have, in my article, Karnataka 2 Million years Old Rama’s Brother in law in Karnataka, I had inadvertently slipped a word that,

‘before the advent of the Sathavahanas, Karnataka was ruled by North Indian Kings and Tamil Kings”

I received a comment,, which I am reproducing below.

“Well Mr. Ramanan, with due regards to your article, there is no history to suggest that Karnataka was ruled by Tamil rulers, before Satavahanas. Although the two languages owe a lot to Brahmi script and according to latest findings, Kannada speaking population was widely spread in south, central, and deccan India. Professor Iravatham mahadevan’s recent findings show that Tamil borrowed from old Kannada and not the other way round.
The impact of kingdoms of Karnataka origin have been felt over other parts of India also. The Chindaka Nagas of central India, Gangas of Kalinga (Odisha),[1] Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta,[2] Chalukyas of Vengi,[3] Yadava Dynasty of Devagiri were all of Kannada origin[4] who later took to encouraging local languages. The Senas of Bengal, the Solankis of Gujarat etc.’

In such a situation, I should have simple left saying nothing at all.

For the atmosphere in India has been so vitiated on the basis of langauge and territories that even a slight mention, raises one’s hackles.

The Divide and Rule Policy started by the British about 300 years ago still lingers , currently being fueled by the politicians who have no idea of our Past History and our traditions.

Having written about the early histories of Tamil in detail and a couple of Posts on the antiquity of Kannada,I would like to tread carefully, though evidence is available on these subjects.

When I take up the ancient history of the other areas, bengal, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Central India, there might me surprises in store.

I will be refrained in my choice of description as my site might be used to wrangle over which langauge or Kings were  more ancient.

The purpose of my Blog is to bring out the history and achievements of Sanatana Dharma, which has been distorted and misinformation had been spread about it.

By writing on the subjects I have mentioned here, I might be sidetracked.

One thing is certain.

We have a hoary past with Sanskrit and Sanatana Dharma as the Pillars.

Other languages like Tamil, Kannada have a hand in it, not to forget Telugu,the Godavari Valley has a rich ,ancient History.

While much evidence has been found on Tamil, about its antiquity relatively it is less in the other languages.

Another point is that the Tamil Kingdom was located in Lemuria.

They seem to have developed a culture on their own, they were also followers of Sanatana Dharma.

History of Karanataka and Tamil are gleaned only from respective literaray works of these languages.

For Karnataka, the past before Chandra Gupta Maurya is hazy, while Tamil has literary references in the form of Sangam literature.

Karnataka was not called as such, thanks to linguistic division of states, and it was under the Mauryan Empire.

And Chanra Gupra Mauraya breathed his last near Sravanabelagola in 230 BC.

However after the death of Chandra Gupta, Karnataka resisted the Mauryan domination.

The Tamils were allies of Chandra Gupta .

The Sathavahanas , the first recorded Dynasty,rose after Chandra Gupta.

Interesting point is that the Sathavahanas were ruling from Amravathi, , AP, now Capital of Andhra!

‘The Sātavāhana Empire was an Indian dynasty based from Dharanikota and Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh as well as Junnar(Pune) and Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra.The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates suggest that it lasted about 450 years, until around 220 CE. The Satavahanas are credited for establishing peace in the country, resisting the onslaught of foreigners after the decline of the Mauryan Empire.’

The Sātavāhanas were vassals to the Mauryan dynasty until the decline of the latter. They are known for their patronage ofHinduism. The Sātavāhanas were early issuers of Indian state coinage struck with images of their rulers. They formed a cultural bridge and played a vital role in trade and the transfer of ideas and culture to and from the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the southern tip of India.

They had to compete with the Shungas and then the Kanvas of Magadha to establish their rule. Later, they played a crucial role to protect a huge part of India against foreign invaders like the Sakas, Yavanas and Pahlavas. In particular their struggles with theWestern Kshatrapas went on for a long time. The great rulers of the Satavahana Dynasty Gautamiputra Satakarni and Sri Yajna Sātakarni were able to defeat the foreign invaders like the Western Kshatrapas and stop their expansion. In the 3rd century CE the empire was split into smaller states. According to ancient Sangam literature the Satavahana rulers were allied with the Tamilrulers of the Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and Pandyan Dynasty to defeat the foreign invaders like the Scythians…

‘The name Karnataka is derived from “Karunadu” which means Loftyland (High plateau), derived from the community’s location on the Deccan Plain. The name can also mean “Land of black soil” (Kari – Black; Nadu – Area or Region) in Kannada. The history of Karnataka goes back to epics “Ramayana” and “Mahabharatha”. The capital of “vaali” and “Sugriva” of the epic, Ramayana, is said to be Hampi. Karnataka finds its mention in Mahabharatha in the form of “Karnata Desha”. In olden times the region was also called “Kuntala Rajya”.^[1] Karnataka was also part of the Dakshinapatha (southern region) which finds its mention in many Indian epics. Vatapi, associated with sage Agastya is obviously Badami in Bijapur district.^[2] Karnataka is situated on the western edge of theDeccan plateau and has for its neighbours Maharashtra and Goa on the north, Andhra Pradesh on east, Tamil Nadu and Kerala on the south. On the west it opens out on the Arabian sea.’

In the case of Tamils, Tamil Kings were referred to during the Damayanthi Swayamvara, Sita and Draupadi Swayamvara apart from the fact that Lord Krishna married  Pandyan Princess, had a daughter Pandiah, Parashuarama, Arjuna and Sahadeva had been visiting Tamil areas.

Lord Krishna was an attendee to the Tamil Sangam.

Please refer my post on these subjects.

‘The Pandyas were one of the three ancient Tamil dynasties (Chola and Chera being the other two) who ruled the Tamil country from pre-historic times until the end of the 15th century. They ruled initially from Korkai, a sea port on the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula, and in later times moved to Madurai. Pandyas are mentioned inSangam Literature (c. 100 – 200 CE) as well as by Greek and Roman sources during this period.

Archeological finds.

A Million year old site belonging to advanced Tamil Civilization has been found in Chennai.

We also have a ver ancient site belonging to Prehistoric times in Karnataka.

And we have the Tamil Brahmi script found in Harappa. and Indus Valley.

‘Kaar Nadu means…Kaar, in Tamil, means regions rich with rainfall collecting mountains and associated regions and Nadu means country…Tamil word is used to refer a region with a particular geographic location…I have asked to my Kannada friends to find the meaning in Kannada language – they have few explanations which are vague for example, some Kannada language speakers think Kar (black) coloured soil region is referred as Kaarnataka – if that is true Karnataka should be less than 20% of the land it has now, because only 15% of the region has black soil in the pesent day state of Karnataka. In ancient Tamil kingdoms the land and the people were classified based on Geography that relate to their specific rich lifestyle and occupation. There are several ancient Tamil literature referring to Tulu naadu, kodagu nadu and kaaarnadu.
The discovery of a Neolithic stone celt, a hand-held axe, with the Indus script on it at Sembian-Kandiyur in Tamil Nadu is, according to Iravatham Mahadevan, “a major discovery because for the first time a text in the Indus script has been found in the State on a datable artefact, which is a polished neolithic celt.” He added: “This confirms that the Neolithic people of Tamil Nadu shared the same language family of the Harappan group, which can only be Dravidian. The discovery provides the first evidence that the Neolithic people of the Tamil country spoke a Dravidian language.” Mr. Mahadevan, an eminent expert on the subject, estimated the date of the artefact with the Indus script between 2000 B.C. and 1500 B.C’

• A broken storage jar with inscriptions in Tamil Brahmi script in Quseir-al-Qadim, (Leukos Limen) Egypt, 1st century BCE. Two earlier Tamil Brahmi inscription discoveries at the same site, 1st century CE.]The inscriped text is “பானை ஒறி” (paanai oRi) which means ‘pot suspended in a rope net’.
• An inscribed amphora fragment in Tamil at the ancient Ptolemic–Roman settlement of Berenice Troglodytica, Egypt, 1st century BCE- 1st century CE.
• Tamil-Brahmi inscription on pottery found in Phu Khao Thong,Thailand, 2nd century CE. Touchstone (uraikal) engraved in Tamil in the Tamil-Brahmi script at Khuan Luk Pat, 3rd-4th century CE.
• Potsherds with Tamil Brahmi inscriptions found in Poonagari, Jaffna, 2nd century BCE.
• Black and red ware potsherd with Tamil Brahmi inscriptions in Ucchapanai, Kandarodai, Jaffna, 3rd century BCE.
• Tamil Brahmi inscriptions on a pot rim at Pattanam, central Kerala, 2nd century CE.
• Four Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions, 3rd century CE, found on Edakal cave, Ambukuthi hill, Kerala. One contained the word ‘Chera’ (‘kadummipudha chera’), the earliest inscriptional evidence of the dynasty Chera.
• Potsherd with Tamil-Brahmi script found in Oman. The script reads “nantai kiran” and it can be dated to the 1st century CE.
• A fragment of black and red ware flat dish inscribed in Tamil in theTamil Brahmi script excavated at the earliest layer in southern eastern town of Tissamaharama in Sri Lanka. It is dated to approximately 200 BC by German scholars who undertook the excavation.
• Tamil Brahmi script dating to 500 BC found at Kodumanal, Chennimalai near Erode
• Tamil-Brahmi script dating to 500 BC found at Porunthal site is located 12 km South West of Palani
• Tamil-Brahmi script found on Tirupparankundram hill, Madurai it read as “Muu-na-ka-ra” and “Muu-ca-ka-ti, 1st century BCE.
• Fifth ‘hero’ stone found with Tamil Brahmi inscriptions at Porpanakkottai
• Tamil-Brahmi script dating back to the 3rd century BCE near Thenur, Madurai. Script is written in gold bar.
• Tamil-Brahmi script dated to the 3rd century AD found preserved in laterite in Karadukka in Kasaragod district, Kerala

Which is Old, Kannada or Tamil

Pre-old Kannada (or Purava HaleGannada) was the language of Banavasi in the early Common Era, theSatavahana and Kadamba periods and hence has a history of over 2000 years.The Ashoka rock edict found at Brahmagiri (dated to 230 BC) has been suggested to contain words in identifiable Kannada.

A possibly more definite reference to Kannada is found in the ‘Charition mime’ of the 1st or 2nd century AD. The farce, written by an unknown author was discovered in the early 20th century at Oxyrynchus in Egypt. The play is concerned with a Greek lady named Charition who has been stranded on the coast of a country bordering the Indian Ocean. The king of this region, and his countrymen, sometimes use their own language, and the sentences they spoke include Koncha madhu patrakke haki (lit having poured a little wine into the cup separately) and paanam beretti katti madhuvam ber ettuvenu (lit having taken up the cup separately and having covered it, I shall take wine separately). The language employed in the papyrus indicates that the play is set in one of the numerous small ports on the western coast of India, between Karwar andMangalore’

• 150,000-100,000 BCE – Evidence for presence of Hominins with Acheulean technology in north Tamil Nadu.
• c. 30,000 BCE-Paleolithic industries in north Tamil Nadu
• c. 8000–3000 BCE-Pre-pottery microlithic industries
• c. 3000–1000 BCE-Neolithic and fine microlithic industries

Pre-Sangam period

• c. 1000–300 BCE-Megalithic age
• c. 600 BCE-Tamil-Brahmi prevalent as the Tamil script
• c. 300 BCE- Greek ethnographer Megasthenes visits Pandyan capitol Madurai.,
• c. 250 BCE-Asoka’s inscription recording the four kingdoms (Chera, Cholas, Pandya and Satyaputra) of the ancient Tamil country
• c. 200 BCE-Elara, a Tamil prince and contemporary of Dutte Gamini, rules Lanka

Sangam age

• c. 200 BCE-200 CE-Sangam age during which books of Sangam Literature are created
• c. 150 BCE-Kharavela of Kalinga records his conquest of a federation of Tamil kings in his Hathigumpha inscription ^[10]
• c. 13– Greek historian Nicolaus of Damascus met an ambassador sent by Pandyan King to Caesar Augustus, Strabo XV.1-73.
• c. 1-100 – The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea gives a detailed description of early Chera and Pandya kingdom and mentions Tamil country as ‘Damirica’
• c. 77 and 140 Greco-Roman writers Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy mention Madurai ruled by Pandyan.
• Considering he vast stretches of time involved, it is difficult to determine which influenced the other, Tamil or Kannada,despite fanatics claiming one way or the other.

In my opinion,as I said to Bharathitheertha Swami of Sringeri Peeta, our Father Tongue is Sanskrit mother tongue based of geographical location and it is best we enjoy these languages and follow Sanatana Dharma.

Squabbles are for the Immature.

I am yet to study Telugu and Godavari Valley.

I am sure more surprises will be in store.

Citation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_India

https://www.quora.com/Which-is-the-oldest-language-between-Kannada-and-Tamil-What-is-the-proof

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_Tamil_history

Related articles

• Kings List India By Puranas Validated
• Gondswana Proves How Sanatana Dharma Spread
• Tamil Culture Part Of Sanatana Dharma

Indian Puranas, History and The Epics are not fairy tales.

They are facts.

I have been verifying statements events mentioned in these texts with the help of Astronomy, etymology of word used,archeological evidence,Anthropology,Geology and tools like Carbon Dating, Atomic verification,Infra red evaluation.

I have published posts on many events narrated in the Indian Texts.

Now I am posting information on the appearance of the sky during,

The Rig Vedic Period,

Rama’s Birth,

Krishna’s Birth.

These maps have been arrived at running the references found in these instances through a Software designed to arrive at star positions and period..

Rig Vedic Period Sky Map.

There are 53 references in Rigveda as prayers offered to Aswinis at dawn. The description clearly points to the observation of the pair of stars in the Aries constellation (referred to as Aashvin or Asvini) just before sunrise as a ritual to mark the year beginning. Using Planetarium software, we find that the Winter Solstice occurred on 19 December, 7000 BC at 0735 hrs as shown in Figure 1. This is the earliest reference to Vedic calendar with year beginning at Winter Solstice, found in Rigveda (5-77-1/2; 1-46-14; 7-69-3/2). Heliacal rising of Ashwini Nakshatra (Aries) can be seen to occur on 5th January, 7000 BC, marking the year beginning (Fig. 1).

Skymap during Ri Vedic Period.Fig. 1

Pre Dawn Sky during Rig Vedic Times.

A thousand years later, Winter Solstice no longer occurred near Aries (Asvini) due to precession. As a result, Ashwinis were no longer rising heliacally as before. They were still below the horizon at sunrise around Winter Solstice time. The Winter Solstice had moved to Revati by 6000 BC. Thus the precession of Equinoxes and Solistices was being observed by Rigvedic Scholars.

The Sky of 19^th December, 6000 BC at sunrise on the Winter Solstice day shows that Ashvini gave way to bright star Chitra (α Vir) on opposite side (Western horizon). A full Moon in Chitra Nakshatra provided a new time marker in the sky and heralded the lunar month naming system-Chaitra, Vaisakha etc. (Rigveda: 5-74-1,2 and Tait Samh. 7-4-8). See Fig. 2 –

Fig.2 .The Sky of 19th December, 6000 BC at sunrise on the Winter Solstice day shows that Ashvini gave way to bright star Chitra (α Vir) on opposite side (Western horizon). A full Moon in Chitra Nakshatra provided a new time marker in the sky and heralded the lunar month naming system-Chaitra, Vaisakha etc. (Rigveda: 5-74-1,2 and Tait Samh. 7-4-8).

Please check my post on Agstya star, Canopus Validates Sanatana Dharma.

Rama’s Birth, Sky Map.

Rama was born on the Navami tithi of Shukla Paksha of Chaitra masa(9^th day of the increasing phase of the moon in the lunar month of Chaitra).At that time, the nakshatra was Punarvasu, and Sun, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter and Venus were in Aries, Capricorn, Libra, Cancer and Pisces respectively. Lagna was Cancer and Jupiter & Moon were shining together. — Ramayana 1.18.8,9.

1. Sun in Aries
2. Saturn in Libra
3. Jupiter in Cancer
4. Venus in Pisces
5. Mars in Capricorn
6. Lunar month of Chaitra
7. 9^th day after New Moon
(Navami Tithi, Shukla Paksh)
8. Moon near Punarvasu Nakshatra
(Pollux star in Gemini constellation)
9. Cancer as Lagna
(Cancer constellation rising in the east)
10. Jupiter above the horizon
The observations on the left, when entered into Planetarium software gives us the above Sky Chart, which in turns gives forth the below mentioned date.

Sri Rama Navami – 10th January 5114 BCE – Birth Day of Rama
Observation at 12.30 p.m.

Skymap During Krishna’s Birth.

Lord Krishna was born around midnight. That night was the eight phase of the moon known as Ashtami Tithi. The moon was near Vrshabha, the bull, i.e the Taurus constellation that houses the star Rohini. The star Rohini is known as Aldeberan in modern astronomy. The month was Shravana, one of the 12 months in the Indian calendar.

‘

Shravana vada ashtami, Rohini Nakshtra, uditam Lagnam

( Srimad Bhagavatham, Skanda 10, Chapter 3.)

Sky During Krishna’s Birth.

Date of Krishna’s Birth By Gregorain Calendar.

27^th July, 3112 BCE .

Couple of Points.

1.Astronomical events repeat themselves at regular intervals.hence fixing one date is difficult.

We are taking the last event for calculation.

As time is Eternal and Cyclic, the events repeat themselves.

Please read my posts on Time Non Linear for more information.

You may check my posts under Astrophysics on Astrodating and dating of Events.

Citations and Sources.

Krihsna’s Birth , Skymap.Image courtesy. Sri. Narahari Achar, Memphis Univesrsity US.

https://kalyan98.wordpress.com/2007/12/25/ramayana-era-based-on-planetarium-software/

http://sarojbala.blogspot.in/2012/06/scientific-dating-of-ramayan-era.html

https://bharathgyanblog.wordpress.com/

The scriptures of the Hindus, the Vedas, four in number, are the highest truths revealed to the seers.

The refrain of the Vedas is self-realization.

The core of the Vedas do not advocate Idol worship but a Higher Reality, Brahman , whose attributes are Being, Consciousness and Bliss-Sat, Chit and Ananda.

However idol worship is allowed to concentrate the mind.

The Four Vedas are.

Rig Veda- consisting of Hymns.

Yajur Veda, dealing with duties.

Sama Veda, essentially the Rig Veda set to Tones.

Atharva Veda, dealing with practical life, including Black Magic.

Please read my posts on the Vedas and god with and without form.

I have searched the images of the Vedas personified.

I could not find them.

I found them in Subrahmanya Samajam, Nallakunta, Hyderabad, where I had been to attend a function.

Here they are.

The Yajur Veda Personified.

Hindu scripture Sama veda personified.

Hindu scripture Atharva veda personified.

India is one country, where under the garb of Freedom of Speech one can get away with any thing, even murder, literally if your additional qualification is that you belong to a minority community, meaning not a Hindu!

Salman Khan, Shah Khan and AmirKhan.

Dilip Kumar.

And if you are a tinsel God, your word is the Bible, even if you have just touched the shadows of an educational institution.

You can air your views that were a  part of bed room talk between a husband and wife.

I have ceased writing on these issues for quite some time as they are trivial , it seemed to me.

But the recent non sensical discussion on Intolerance in India forces me write for leaving these gentlemen’s statements uncontested makes them bolder and as Goebbels dictum goes, the more audacious the lie, more likely that it will be believed.

I read an article in the Tamizhaka Arasiyal , a Tamil Political bi weekly from Chennai which answers most of the issues raised by Amir Khan on intolerance in India.

The article was titled Three Idiots.

His statement that the present situation in India made his wife wonder whether India is a safer place live and whether they should consider relocating.

The article is well  written and I am writing  this article based on the Tamil Article.

It is difficult to catch the flavour of the original nor the force of the article in English.

I shall  attempt.

‘ I am worried about the future of our children’

Said Kiran Rao Mohammad  Amir Hussein  Khan, wife of the Tinsel town Hero Amir Khan.

This, the 50-year-old actor disclosed in the Goenka Award function, alluding to the recent ‘incidents’ in India, which to him and his wife was a cause for concern.

While no body can deny the right of Mr.Khan to express his views in a country like India,a democracy, it is what he left unsaid is more pungent  that is bound have an impact on people who treat him as a demi God.

He could have stated that the recent incidents had hurt him,

Stray incidents are blown out of proportions,

In a vast country with over 23 languages and different practices, these small issues are bound to be and these should be condemned,

Or he could have said, as another legend of actor, Kamal Hassan did ( who normally takes shot at Hinduism in his movies ,though carefully skirting around Islam or Christianity), that beef eating is a matter of personal choice.

But the great Khan said neither.

Well, one can not expect anything better from one who has just touched the shadow of an educational institution!

He had not said as to which of these incidents had directly ‘threatened ‘ his child’s future. he could/should have.

An honest Man would have.

One who had a taken a Movie PK where Hindu Gods were insulted, where Lord Shiva was portrayed as hiding behind a Toilet should pause.

Had he portrayed Gods of other Religions even in a slightly satirical fashion, especially Prophet, would he be alive today?

Mind you, this movie was released by the Censor Board of India, when the much maligned Hindutva Party, BJP is in power!

When  some objected to the portrayal of Hindu Gods in PK thus, it was Hindus who raised their voice against this.

Does he remember that One Yousuf Khan had to change his name to a Hindu name so that he could be accepted by the masses.

He was the Legendary Dilip Kumar!

Which party was in power then?

Definitely not BJP

He could have expressed his concern about the incidents .

.No. he did not.

How could one who was appointed as the Ambassador was Clean India drive, Swach Bharat, by the same BJP Government?

Was he not threatened then?

Was he not concerned when his Hindu bashing movie raked in 300 Crore at the Box Office?

How come he had a heart to sow the seeds of poison among the Muslims of India, I am talking of normal Muslims, who partake food, functions and even in Temple festivals?

The irony is that Khan’s first wife Reena and his second wife Kiran Rao are Hindus.

Had he been in Saudi, Pakistan, can his wives call themselves this way, mixing up Hindu and Muslim names?

Well, if you have deicided to move away from India, which is intolerant, you could have, to liberal regimes like Saudi Arabia or Pakistan.

Saudi Arabia, where people are killed in the name of Law and Order in Public or by terrorists,

Pakistan where one does not know when the next attack would come.

Or To Europe or USA where Islamophobia is ranging, where in the US there is, on an average one Public shooting a Day in this year, or where a Black child was shot dead for carrying a Knife!

Despite these incidents in the US, US citizens did not consider moving away from the US,

Instead, they have made Obama, a Muslim as their President.

In India we revere Dr. Zakir Husssian, Abdul Kalam, Fakhruddin Alil Ahmed former Presidents of India,Nawab of Pataudi,Azharuddin, Bismiilah Khan, Mammotty,Shah Rukh Khan, Amir Khan, Salman Khan ,

We see them as Indians, and not merely as Muslims!

Well, if you are an Indian by heat these thoughts would not even crossed your mind.

If you had a bed room discussion, better keep it there.

India may not be filthy rich .

It  has economic inequalities.

Its roads are not clean.

Might be there have been instances of the sort he mentioned here and there.

Should we not correct them?

Does it mean that one think of running away?

One does not change Fathers because one’s is not as handsome as the neighbour’s.

Did Amir Khan about the ruckus created by Muslims during the release of Kamal Hassan’s film Viswaroopam , where a scene was objected to by an unruly crowd?

Mr.Khan, if you do not like Narendra Modi, you may attack his policies( Amir Khan earlier stated he did not like Modi or his policies), as Shatrughan Sinha, a BJP big wig does.

But nobody bothers Shatrughan for he does not promote Sedition and spoils religious harmony.

You need the claps of Indians , their money and at the slightest possible excuse you want to run away?

We have another gentleman in Shah Rukh Khan who said that India is sliding back to Dark Ages( TV interview)

Being secular has become dangerous.

He has not been able to practice his religion Islam in India.

How?

As  when he entered into a brawl with women and cricket staff at the IPL, pitch drunk?

Islam promotes Drinking and public brawl?

Part of practicing your religion?

When Shah Rukh Khan was questioned by Income Tax for irregularities in his Club Kolkatta Knight Riders, Modi is blamed for targeting Shah Rukh!

Salman Khan,

A guy who killed people sleeping on the footpath by his drunken driving and changed his version so much that one thinks the  Car was driving itself!

His movies were banned in Pakistan.

Bajrangi Bhaijaan for making reference to the terrorist Hafiz Sayed!

How come these gentlemen kept quite when,

Pakistan army butchered Bangladeshis in 1971?

When Professor Joseph’s Hand was cut off in Kerala by Muslims?

Subsequent to Dadri episode Mr. Poojary was killed in Public in Mangalore?

When Snapdeal apps was uninstalled by over 100000 people, Amir Khan says he has no intention of leaving India!

These guys, sensitive, socially conscious?

Three Idiots’

Translated from Tamizhaka Arasiyal dated 2/12/2015

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Sita, wife of Lord Rama, without whom the Greatness of Rama would not have been possible was born in Sitamarhi,India.

Rama Breaks the Bow , marries Sita.

However there are disputes regarding this issue.

Punaura Dham,Sita Marhi,Birth Place of Sita.

Punaura Dham, is about 5 Kms. west of Sitamarhi. Saint Pundrik’s Ashram was situated here. This place also claims the honour of being the birth place of Hindu Goddess, Sita.

About 1.5 Kms. Off he railway station and the bus stand, this is the birth place of Sita. Janaki-Kund is adjacent south of the temple.

Though there are differnt versions about Sita’s birth, I shall be taking the version of Valmiki and Kamban in Tamil, where it is stated that Sita was born in a Field when King Janaka was ploughing the field.

As for as Ramayana is concerned Valmikis version is accepted as authentic as it is Original and more pertinently Valmiki lived during Rama’s Reign and helped Sita deliver Her Children Lava and Kusa in his Ashram.

Here is a Temple , dedicated to Shiva, constrcuted by Janaka, father of Sita,on the occasion of Putra Yeshti Yajna. His temple was named as Haleshwarnath temple.

This is Haleshwarnath temple.

This is 3 Kms. noth-west of Sitamarhi.

Sita Marhi is also the place where Draupadi was Born.

It is 8 Kms. north-east of Sitamarhi. It is said that after her marriage, sita was carried in a palanquin to Ayodhya by this route. An old Banyan tree is still standing here under which she is said to have rested for a while..

Bodhayan-Sar

This is the sacred place where Maharishi Bodhaya had written number of epics.

Bohodayana authored the sutras for the Vedas.

The great sanskrit Grammarian Panini was one of his disciples.

How To Reach Sitamarhi.

National Highway 77 connects the area to the Muzaffarpur district and Patna to the south. Sitamarhi has road connections to adjoining districts, of which the major examples are National Highway 77 and National Highway 104. State highways link it toMadhubani district in the east and Sheohar in the west.

Direct train services are available from Sitamarhi railway junction to places such as New Delhi, Kolkata, Varanasi, Lucknow, Hyderabad and Kanpur.

The nearest airport to Sitamarhi is the Jaiprakash Narayan International Airport which is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) distant.

Sitamarhi is connected to cities in and around Bihar by state-owned transport services. Some private buses operate between Patna to Sitamarhi and Paktola Village to Patna.

Citation.

http://sitamarhi.bih.nic.in/documents/tourism.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita#Bi

Related articles

• Who Is Rama Qualities Valmiki Bala Kanda
• Marriage Hall Of Sita Rama Vivah Mantap Janakpur

Sanatana Dharma, mistakenly called as Hinduism, has been assigned a date of 5000 BC (Rig Veda Date) by the West.

Silapathikaaram Tamil Text.

‘At the end of the Sangam epoch (second – third centuries CE), the Tamil country was in political confusion. The older order of the three Tamil dynasties was replaced by the invasion of the Kalabhras. These new kings and others encouraged the religions of Buddhism and Jainism. Ilango Adigal, the author of Silappatikaram, probably lived in this period and was one of the vast number of Jain and Buddhist authors in Tamil poetry”
But the evidence unearthed in Jwalapuram, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India, in Chennai and in Poomphar in Tamil Nadu date the Tamils History from 300 BC to around 75000 years back!
One finds Tamil Brahmi Script in the  Indus Seals.
And Lord Shiva the founder, according to Tamil Literature,the founder of the Tamil language is a Pre Sanatana Dharma Deity was worshiped in the South much before the migration of Vaivastha Manu ,the ancestor of Lord Rama to Ayodhya.
This language Tamil quotes the Vedas and the Vedas , Ramayana, Mahabharata and the Puranas talk of Tamil Kings having been present during the swayamvara of Damayanthi, Lord Rama’s marriage,  Draupadi’s swayamvar,elephant tusks ,pearls and spices being imported from the land of the Tamils!
Hence Sanatana Dharma and Tamil are much older.
They go back to at least 75000 years.

Tamil language is as old as Sanskrit though it is difficult to assign a specific date.
However this is disputed.
Tamil has a hoary past and literature of high quality dating back to these times.
Tamil Literature of ancient times, for convenience of Study has been classified as pre Sangam , Sangam and Post Sangam Period.
Sangam period is the period when Conclave of Poets were held and honored.
There three Sangams.

‘

The Tamil Sangams or Cankams were assemblies of Tamil scholars and poets that, according to traditional Tamil accounts, occurred in the remote past. Scholars believe that these assemblies were originally known as kooṭam or gathering. which was also a name forMadurai. Three assemblies are described. The legend has it that the first two of which were held in cities since “taken by the sea”, and the third of which was held in the present-day city of Madurai. The word sangam has its mention in the sense of an ‘academy’ in several Tamil literary works like Tevaram, Thiruvilayadal puranam, periyapuranam and Irayanar Ahaporul. Also legend has it that Nammazwar’s Thiruvaimozhi was approved in an assembly of 300 poets.

The Sangam period extended from roughly 350 BC to 300 AD (early chola period before the interregnum), when the earliest extant works of Tamil literature were created (also known as Sangam literature).^] However, the name Sangam and the associated legends probably derive from a much later period. Whilst the accounts of first two Sangams are generally rejected as ahistorical, some modern scholars, such as Kamil Zvelebil, find a kernel of truth in them, suggesting that they may be based on one or more actual historical assemblies. Others reject the entire notion as infactual. Nevertheless, legends of the Sangams played a significant role in inspiring political, social, and literary movements in Tamil Nadu in the early 20th century.
Most of the Literature was destroyed by Tsunamis, called Kadal Kol in Tamil.
Of the literature that survived is the Cilappadikaaram, one among the Great Five Tamil Epics, Aimperunkaapiyangal.
The Five Great Epics are,

Cilappadhikaram

Manimegalai,

Civaka Chinthamani,

Valayapathi and

Gundalakesi.

Of these only the Cilappadikaram in non religious epic.

Manimeghlai snd Kundalakesi were influenced by and propagate Buddhism,, Civaka Chinthamani and Valyapathi have leanings to Jainism .

Cilappadikaram was written by Ilango Adigal ,  a younger Prince of Chera Dynasty , ruling  ( roughly speaking) the present Kerala in India.

His brother was Cheran Chenguttuvanbwas a famous ruler and he is reported have extended his Kingdom to North India and made two Kings of North to carry a stone to the south.

It is stated that  an astrologer reading the horoscope of Ilango Adigal forecast that he would become  famous and be well-remembered by posterity.
Thinking that the astrologer implied that he would become a King superceding  Chenguttuvan, his brother,the heir to the throne, Ilango Adigal renounced his claim to the throne and became a Buddhist Monk.
And he composed the Cilappadikaram.
Ilango Adigal is not his name and it is a nom de plume.

ILANGO in Tamil means the younger one of the King.

Ilango had renounced even his name in favor of his brother.

He penned the real life incident of a  contemporary woman,Kannagi as a great Epic  Cilappadhikaram.
Cilappadhikaram , though it is translated as THe Story of The Anklet, the nearest translation of the Tamil word Cilappadhikaram is ‘Grown of an Anklet’, indicating that the entire epic is woven around an

Anklet.
That is the Anklet of Kannagi and the onevof the Pandyan Queen.

​The story of Kannagi.​

​Kannagi and Kovalan were born in Poompuhar, belonging to Chola Kingdgdom

( the city of Poompuhar, near Mayiladuthurai has been excavated​ from the sea and it has proved that the site is about 20,000 yeras old)

They belong to Traders Class and they got married.

after a few years Kovalan became a profligate and had developed intimacy with a Girl named Madhavi and in t

during the period Kannagi was upset and Kovalan  lost all his wealth.

​Embarrassed at having lost his wealth ​and repenting the injustice heaped by him on Kannagi, Kovalan, along with Kannagi left for Madurai, then a part of Pandya Kingdom to seek wealth.

In Madurai, the King’s goldsmith stole the Queen’s anklet, made of Pearls.

Kovalan, to make both ends meet, went to sell Kannagi’s Anklet, made of Ribies.

Seizing the opportunity to escape the Kin’s wrath, who has started checking the theft, the Goldsmith informed the King that he had found the thief, King arrested Kovalan and Kovalan was beheaded.

Wronged and a vengeful Kannagi presented herself in the King’s court and demonstrated that the Anklet her husband sold was hers and made of  made of Rubies and not the Queen’s , which was made of Pearls.

To prove it, Kannagi broke the anklets and the Rubies burst out.

​And Kannagi stings the King by saying that he was unfit to be a kIng​, who can not adjudicate properly and had sent an innocent man to his Gallows.Gallows. Realizing that he had failed in the administration of Justice, the Pandyan King dies on the spot and his wife also dies.

Still seething with anger, Kannagi plucks out one of her breasts and burns the city of Madurai.

Then she proceeded towards Vanchi, Chera Kingdom and cries out for her husband.

She then ascends Heavens amidst heavenly showers.

The place she ascended the Heavens is in Kerala Tamil Nadu border and there is a Temple of Kannagi where she is worshiped as an Embodiment of chastity and virtue.

Features of Cilappadikaaram.

1.Cilappadikaraam  contains three chapters and a total of 5270 lines of poetry.

2.The message of Silappadikaaram.

Arasiyal pizhaithorku aramkootru avathum         

For those who commit injustice in ruling/politics,
the justice itself will turn as demon of death.

Uraisaal pathini uyarnthor yetralum,

Noble people adore chaste woman

Oozhvinai uruthtu vantuttum enbathum

Unrelenting fate plays its hard role in ones life.

அரசியல் பிழைத்தோர்க்கு அறம் கூற்று ஆவதூஉம்,

உரைசால் பத்தினிக்கு உயர்ந்தோர் ஏத்தலும்,ஊழ்வினை உருத்து வந்து ஊட்டும் என்பதூஉம்,

சூழ் வினைச் சிலம்பு காரணமாக,சிலப்பதிகாரம் என்னும் பெயரால்நாட்டுதும் யாம் ஓர் பாட்டு உடைச் செய்யுள்

-Ilango Adigal in Silappadikaaram.

3.Silappadikaaram covers all the three Tamil Kingdoms.

Silappatikaram has three Cantos.:

• Puharkkandam (புகார்க் காண்டம் – Puhar chapter), which deals with the events in the Chola city of Puhar, where Kannagi and Kovalan start their married life and Kovalan leaves his wife for the courtesan Madavi. This contains 10 cantos or divisions.
• Maduraikkandam (மதுரைக் காண்டம் – Madurai chapter), is situated in Madurai in the Pandya kingdom where Kovalan loses his life, incorrectly blamed for the theft of the queen’s anklet. This contains 13 cantos.
• Vanchikkandam (வஞ்சிக் காண்டம் – Vanchi chapter), is situated in the Chera country where Kannagi ascends to the heavens. This contains 7 cantos, and each of them is made of several sub-divisions called kaathais (narrative sections of the chapters).

4. Literary innovations. It introduces the intermingling of poetry with prose, a form not seen in previous Tamil works. It features an unusual praise of the Sun, the Moon, the river Kaveri and the city of Poompuhar at its beginning, the contemporary tradition being to praise a deity. It is also considered to be a predecessor of the Nigandu lexicographic tradition. It has 30 referred as monologues sung by any character in the story or by an outsider as his own monologue often quoting the dialogues he has known or witnessed. It has 25 cantos composed in akaval meter, used in most poems in Sangam literature. The alternative for this meter is called aicirucappu (verse of teachers) associted with verse composed in learned circles.Akaval is a derived form of verb akavu indicating to call or beckon. Silappatikaram is also credited to bring folk songs to literary genre, a proof of the claim that folk songs institutionalised literary culture with the best maintained cultures root back to folk origin.

‘

According to the great Tamil commentator Atiyarkkunallar (12th-13th century BCE), poems were of two kinds – Col thodar nilai ceyyuḷ (சொல் தொடர் நிலை செய்யுள்) or poems connected by virtue of their formal properties and Poruḷ toṭar nilai ceyyuḷ (பொருள் தொடர் நிலை செய்யுள்), or poems connected by virtue of content that forms a unity^] Cilappatikāram, the Tamil epic is defined by Atiyarkkunallar as Iyal icai nāṭaka poruḷ toṭar nilai ceyyuḷ (இயல் இசை நாடக பொருள் தொடர் நிலை செய்யுள்), poems connected by virtue of content that forms a unity having elements of poetry, music and drama. Such stanzas are defined as kāvya and kappiyam in Tamil. In Mayilainathar’s commentary (14th century CE) on the grammar Nannūl, we first hear the mention of aimperumkappiyam, the five great epics of Tamil literature.

Each one of these epics have long cantos, like in Cilappatikāram, which has 30 referred as monologues sung by any character in the story or by an outsider as his own monologue often quoting the dialogues he has known or witnessed. It has 25 cantos composed in akaval meter, used in most poems in Sangam literature. The alternative for this meter is called aicirucappu (verse of teachers) associated with verse composed in learned circles. Akaval is a derived form of verb akavu indicating to call or beckon.Cilappatikāram is also credited to bring folk songs to literary genre, a proof of the claim that folk songs institutionalised literary culture with the best maintained cultures root back to folk origin. Manimekalai is an epic in ahaval metre and is noted for its simple and elegant style of description of natural scenery. Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi is one of the earliest works of Tamil literature in long verses called virutha pa’

To put it in a simple language, one sentence runs through one chapter!

5. Silappdikaaram throws light on the Sanatana Dharma practices like the performance of Yagnyas and Poojas especially the one offered to Indra, started by the Yadus.

Sources..

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silappatikaram#Structure_of_Silappatikaram

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilango_Adigal

https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2014/07/09/hindus-lived-74000-years-ago-survey-finds/

Tripura Samhara Shiva Geological Kurnool Mt.Toba Proof?

Million Year Old Tamil Quotes Vedas, They Quote Tamil

Poompuhar Find Sets Tamil,Hinduism By Atleast 20000 Years

Tamil Sangam Dates 17000 Years Extended To Equator

https://ramanan50.wordpress.com/2014/12/30/manu-ramas-ancestor-migrated-from-south-india-5000-bc/ bsvn

Legends they may be , in the eyes of the Westerners, yet some legends are facts even to day, the so called rationalistic 21st century.

Most of the so called legends and myths of India are verifiable History.

I have been writing validating these myths with the help of known modern technics including carbon dating and Infra read dating.

I have written on the 12 Jyotir Lingas of Shiva.

One of these is Omkareswara in Madhya Pradesh.

Here Shiva and Devi are believed to play Dice after the night pooja.

This they do in the form of Snakes.

Above is a photograph taken recentlyvwith a night vision Camera.

OmkAreshwar is a beautiful self manifest (swayambhu) linga. From the Vindhyanchal mountain range in Madhya Pradesh, river Narmada, turns westward and meanders in that direction. The deep wide river looks like it has assimilated into itself all the sins and sorrows of the humans and releasing them from these. This river Narmada, which flows rippling from the mountains, is also known as “Reva”. The smooth, round pebbles found in this river are called “BanaLingas”.

On the banks of river Narmada, there is a huge island on which the fourth of the JyotirLinga “Omkaram Amaleshwar” is situated. This island and the river are shaped like “OM” and that is how it derives its name. It is a natural phenomenon. The devotees who go round the temple consider themselves blessed because they are doing a Parikrama or Circumambulation of Omkara itself and Darshan of the holy JyotirLinga. The Narmada banks and the island are extremely beautiful. The beauty of Nature here is seen to be believed. The houses perched on the terraced green, strong mountains, the temple, KotiTeerth located in the waterfalls and valleys like Chakrateerts are some of the places to be seen. One can see very big fish and also crocodiles in these waers. There are many trees with beautiful creepers all over them. Groups of monkeys live on these trees. There are a variety of birds. The temple towers look bright and shiny in between. The whole atmosphere echoes with the the sound of “Om Namah Shivaya”. It is here that Lord Sankara has taken the forms of “Omkareshwara” and “Amaleshwara”, as JyotirLinga.

Sthala purana.

In the ancient times the Demons defeated the gods or divines. Indra was worried. The Danavas or Demons have wrecked havoc in all the three worlds, i.e., Trilokas. In order to empower the Devas once again, Lord Shiva assumed the form of Jyotirmaya Omkararoop. He came out of the nether world or Patala. Lord Shankar came out in the form of Linga on the banks of river Narmada. The gods or Devas have worshipped the Linga which made them powerful once again. This time they were able to destroy the demons and re-acquiesced their empire in Heavens.

Brahma and Vishnu also lived in the same place as Omkar Amaleshwar. That is why on the banks of Narmada Brahmapuri, Vishnupuri and Rudrapuri are built which are known as Tripuri Kshetra. The Amareshwar JyotiraLinga is situated in Rudrapuri.

Later on, in the mythological era or Purana Kala, Yavanaswa Putra Mandhata came into power here with the blessings of Indra. He served Lord Shankara with great devotion. Lord Shankara was pleased with him. The waters of Narmada emanated from the Arghya (holy water) or Jalahari of the Omkar JyotirLinga and flown through the mountains, downward and later on flow unseen. Narmada joins the deep-water spring located near the Linga idol of Omkareshwar. It flows there eternally. When some bubbles appear at the bottom of this spring, it is said, that Lord Shankar is pleased.

King Mandhata made this holy place his capital. Therefore, this place is also known as Omkar Mandhata. The descendents of Mandhata live here even today. The Vindhya mountain also performed a severe penance and pleased Omkar-Amareshwar. As a result of which, the whole place turned beautiful. Many hermits like Agastya have performed severe penances and japas at Omkar-Amaleshwaram JyotirLingam. They had built their hermitages.

This shrine of Omkar Mandhata Shiva pilgrimage is most beautiful. According to Shankaracharya. It is:

kAverikAnarmadayoH pavitre samAgame sajjanatAraNAya |
sadaiva mAndhAtRipure vasantamoNkAramIshaM shivamekamIDe ||

Meaning:
I pay my obeisance to the One Who is the savior of the good people and the great One Who always resides at the Holy merging point of Kaveri and Narmada, i.e., Omkar Shiva.

Citation and reference.

http://www.shaivam.org/siddhanta/sp/spjyoti_omkar.htm

About two years back I wrote an article that the skeleton of Gatotgaja, son of Bhima was found.
The information was from credible websites and I published the image of the Giant as well.
On publishing I received information that the news item on this fake and I checked with Hoaxslayer.com.
This site reconfirmed that the news was incorrect.
However I have found additional information that the original information that there were Giants is correct.
There is a systematic effort to deny such archological information relating to Human past especially if it relates to the so called scientific facts like Darwin’ s Evolution Theory.
Information relating to UFOS, evidence indicating the existence of advanced ancient civilisations like Atlantis, Lemuria, Hyperborea and the ancient Sanana Dharma are dismissed as myths for no valid reason.
Probably these western scholars are uncomfortable about the fact that there were more advanced Civilisations than the present one and they do not wish to contradict their strong belief that the great civilisations really came into being only after Greeks and Romans, however shaky these assumptions are.

There is abundance of research material available to prove the Atlantis, Lemuria, Huperborea Indian Purana Events and characters, UFOS and Giants.
It may interesting to note that most of the Giants are from the Patalaloka or the Nether World.

These were referred to as Rakshasas, Asuras.
Please refer my posts on this.
Also interesting to note that the present America was called the Patalaloka , California was called Kapila Aranya, Sage Kapila,s Forest and there is Mount Ashes near it as stated in Indian Purana.
Now to Giants.

‘

Nazca lines Peru , Shiva’s Trishul.

With Rosia Montana being a mining area, a number of interesting discoveries have been unearthed there over the years – one of the most interesting being a skeleton of a 10 meter (32.8 feet) tall giant which was found in 1976.

About 5,500 years ago, an underground gallery was constructed in the region by the Agathyrsi. In February 2012, a group of geologists followed the gold vein in the same place. They kept digging until they ended up at the base of the gallery. To their utter surprise, they found a gravestone which was definitely not made of common rock. The geologists took a sample, and the laboratory results revealed that the components of the tombstone included 55% 50 karat gold dust, 15% granite dust and 30% wolfram. Also, the analysis revealed that the composite rock had been made using a type of technology unknown today.

Giant Skeleton, Montana.

In February 2012, a group of geologists followed the gold vein in the same place. They kept digging until they ended up at the base of the gallery. To their utter surprise, they found a gravestone which was definitely not made of common rock. The geologists took a sample, and the laboratory results revealed that the components of the tombstone included 55% 50 karat gold dust, 15% granite dust and 30% wolfram. Also, the analysis revealed that the composite rock had been made using a type of technology unknown today.

The Hyperborean Gallery Known by the name of “The Hyperborean Gallery” or “Gallery 13”, the place of this amazing discovery is located beneath Cornea village. A number of other discoveries were made at the site in 1976. However, in the name of “security” the anthropological and archaeological discoveries were deemed too unusual and shocking for the time, so the gallery was permanently sealed. The gravestone was not the only unusual item found inside the gallery. On it, archaeologists found a 10 meter (32.8 ft.) tall skeleton of a giant. Apparently, the giant had been buried there after his death, with his legs gathered on one side. Lacking the proper equipment necessary to analyze such a find, the skeleton was sent to Moscow. Unfortunately, nothing has been reported about the giant ever since.

I was curious because Sananatana Dharma spread to all parts of the globe and archaeological finds confirm to this fact.

There arecare refernces to various land masses described in Hindu texts that tally with the present flora and fauna , mountains, rivers.

Plus when one checks their culture one finds the similarities and their roots go either to Sanatana Dharma or Tamils.

And Agastya pops up in many a place.

He is found on New Zealand.

Please check my posts on these.

There is a mountain in Romania  that has caves and these caves are connected to Kailash and Iraq.

I have found a research paper that talks about Agastya helping the Pandavas escape from the house of lac built by Duryodhana.

Agastya seems to have built 17 caverns for them to escape.

The dwelling place of the Rakshsas was called Patala Loka.

It was where Bhima of Mahabharata married Hidimbi and had a son through her Gatotgaja.

‘

the house of lac Agastya says that the opening of the underground
tunnel through which the Pandavas escape, is covered up with the
ashes of the burnt house.17 The narration of such details is of
no direct use to the story, that too for an epitome of the epic.
Yet it shows the minute observation and care of the poet in his
descriptions.

Agastya introdues the demon Hi^imba with eloborate detail.
The very narration presents his (demon's) physical form before our
mental eye. His reddened eyes shoot out sparks of his anger, his
face is terrific with its knotted eyebrows. The demon enters licking
his lips with his stretched tongue.

<^r^<*uMf8|d^ ^^"l^fc^WFRHI
^RMUI) TORPTT (d<5-a�: MI$<H 3^t P^IN<: II (4 - 23)

This gives a vivid pen-portrait of the demon Hidimba. Agastya
excels in such artistic skills.

In an epitome the poet will not have much scope to convey his
own impressions of the characters. However a skilful writer makes
use of even the slightest opportunity to do so. This fact too has a
bearing on the style of the poet.

In the fifth canto Agastya finds an opportunity to introduce
some of the important features of the characters moulded by himself
in this Kavya. Through the words of Dhrstadyumna during the
course of introducing different suitors in the Draupadi swayamvara
episode Agastya gives expression to his own opinions. First he
introduces Duryodhana and specially praises him for his fortune
and wealth. He compares him to God Kubera. 18 Agastya writes
this with a special purpose. According to the tradition Kubera is
also known as a chief of evil beings or spirits of darkness.

– quote ends.

Note that Kubera the custodian of Wealth was assigned the Patala and he was defeated by Ravana who secured Lanka from him.

Now  most ofthe 26 tunnels found in Montana being ascribed to Agastya are associate with Water or Waterfalls.

And Sage Agastya is associted with bringing Kaveri River and he iscreported to have drunk the ocean, though the later is an allegory for Agastya travelling through the ocean.

Article on this follows.

Considering these similarities in the US, apart from a Quadrilateral temple of Shiva and a Natural temple of Vishnu in Grand Canyon, Colorado, further research is needed to establish Agastya connection to Montana Caves.

Montana caves

• Amphitheater Tunnel Number 4, Chouteau County, Montana,47°33′06″N 110°55′44″W, el. 3,376 feet (1,029 m)^[1]
• Beavertail Tunnel, Missoula County, Montana, 46°43′26″N113°34′59″W, el. 3,691 feet (1,125 m)^[2]
• Belt Creek Tunnel Number 5, Chouteau County, Montana,47°33′19″N 110°56′49″W, el. 3,307 feet (1,008 m)^[3]
• Bighorn Tunnel, Yellowstone County, Montana, 46°08′39″N107°31′11″W, el. 2,835 feet (864 m)^[4]
• Bozeman Tunnel, Gallatin County, Montana, 45°39′57″N110°48′29″W, el. 5,738 feet (1,749 m)^[5]
• Helena Valley Canal Tunnel, Lewis and Clark County, Montana, 46°38′35″N 111°45′20″W, el. 4,035 feet (1,230 m)^[6]
• John Tunnel, Sanders County, Montana, 47°20′06″N114°47′12″W, el. 2,680 feet (820 m)^[7]
• Lacey Tunnel Number 3, Chouteau County, Montana,47°32′58″N 110°55′01″W, el. 3,386 feet (1,032 m)^[8]
• Monitor Tunnel, Silver Bow County, Montana, 46°01′24″N112°28′32″W, el. 6,361 feet (1,939 m)^[9]
• Mullan Tunnel, Powell County, Montana, 46°38′11″N112°18′30″W, el. 5,830 feet (1,780 m)^[10]
• Nimrod Tunnels, Granite County, Montana, 46°42′35″N113°30′56″W, el. 3,681 feet (1,122 m)^[11]
• Painted Robe Tunnel, Golden Valley County, Montana,46°11′41″N 108°56′32″W, el. 3,763 feet (1,147 m)^[12]
• Ptarmigan Tunnel, Glacier County, Montana, 48°50′57″N113°42′28″W, el. 7,100 feet (2,200 m)^[13]
• Red Coulee Tunnel Number 6, Cascade County, Montana,47°33′14″N 110°57′15″W, el. 3,287 feet (1,002 m)^[14]
• St. Paul Pass Tunnel, Mineral County, Montana, 47°23′25″N115°38′55″W, el. 5,141 feet (1,567 m)^[15]
• Schurchs Tunnel, Powell County, Montana, 46°17′21″N112°33′48″W, el. 7,424 feet (2,263 m)^[16]
• Toston Tunnel, Broadwater County, Montana, 46°07′36″N111°26′32″W, el. 4,209 feet (1,283 m)^[17]
• Tunnel Number 1, Cascade County, Montana, 47°09′33″N111°49′52″W, el. 3,504 feet (1,068 m)^[18]
• Tunnel Number 1, Park County, Montana, 45°39′52″N110°44′03″W, el. 5,371 feet (1,637 m)^[19]
• Tunnel Number 2, Flathead County, Montana, 48°22′06″N113°40′31″W, el. 3,734 feet (1,138 m)^[20]
• Tunnel Number 3, Flathead County, Montana, 48°22′23″N113°40′55″W, el. 3,783 feet (1,153 m)^[21]
• Tunnel Number 3, Lewis and Clark County, Montana,47°06′32″N 111°57′03″W, el. 3,592 feet (1,095 m)^[22]
• Two Leggins Tunnel, Big Horn County, Montana, 45°58′22″N107°32′13″W, el. 2,789 feet (850 m)^[23]
• Vista Tunnel, Flathead County, Montana, 48°28′17″N114°26′33″W, el. 3,179 feet (969 m)^[24]
• Wayne Tunnel, Cascade County, Montana, 47°26′21″N110°56′35″W, el. 3,779 feet (1,152 m)^[25]
• Wickes Tunnel, Jefferson County, Montana, 46°19′48″N112°06′48″W, el. 6,224 feet (1,897 m)^[26]

Citation and references.

http://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/exposing-secret-history-giants-and-underground-hyperborean-gallery-romania-005243  (images and on montana link)

https://archive.org/stream/BalaBharataACriticalStudy/TXT/00000185.txt

( Agastya building tunnels)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tunnels_in_Montana

( Montana tunnels  List).